António Sérgio Faria

Abstract
At a time when European countries try to cope with escalating energy prices while decarbonizing their economies, waste heat recovery and reuse arises as part of the solution for sustainable energy transitions. The lack of appropriate assessment tools has been pointed out as one of the main barriers to the wider deployment of waste heat recovery projects and as a reason why its potential remains largely untapped. The EMB3Rs platform emerges as an online, open-source, comprehensive and novel tool that provides an integrated assessment of different types of waste heat recovery solutions, (e.g. internal or external) and comprises several analysis dimensions (e.g. physical, geographical, technical, market, and business models). It has been developed together with stakeholders, and tested in a number of representative contexts, covering both industrial and heat network applications. This has demonstrated the enormous potential of the tool in dealing with complex simulations, while delivering accurate results within a significantly lower time-frame than traditional analysis. The EMB3Rs tool removes important barriers such as analysis costs, time and complexity for the user, and aims at supporting a wider investment in waste heat recovery and reuse by providing an integrated estimation of the costs and benefits of such projects. This paper describes the tool and illustrates how it can be applied to help unlock the potential of waste heat recovery across European countries.

Abstract
Sustainable agri-food systems seek to deliver food affordably and sustainably, without compromising the economic, social, and environmental bases for current and coming generations. Food-energy systems integrating renewable energy sources contribute towards this sustainability, and new solutions are being proposed in the literature or implemented in real facilities. This work reviews the existing literature on the integration of renewable energy, cross-sector energy efficiency and flexibility approaches, circular economy, digital solutions, and energy communities' (EC) structures within the agri-food sector. It proposes a formal classification of the main solutions found and describes the associated Business Models (BMs) to support their actual development cost-effectively. The main roles, actors and value propositions are reviewed, and a case example of an EC to be developed in Portugal in the Tools4AgriEnergy project is also described. The EC is based on floating PV panels to power water distribution pumps and share the surplus with local agri-food industries.

Abstract
This paper proposes a three-stage model for managing energy communities for local energy sharing and providing grid flexibility services to tackle local distribution grid constraints. The first stage addresses the minimization of each prosumer's individual energy bill by optimizing the schedules of their flexible resources. The second stage optimizes the energy bill of the whole energy community by sharing the prosumers' energy surplus internally and re-dispatching their batteries, while guaranteeing that each prosumer's new energy bill is always be equal to or less than the bill that results for this prosumer from stage one. This collective optimization is designed to ensure an additional collective benefit, without loss for any community member. The third stage, which can be performed by the distribution system operator (DSO), aims to solve the local grid constraints by re-dispatching the flexible resources and, if still necessary, by curtailing local generation or consumption. Stage three minimizes the impact on the schedule obtained at previous stages by minimizing the loss of profit or utility for all prosumers, which are furthermore financially compensated accordingly. This paper describes how the settlement should be performed, including the allocation coefficients to be sent to the DSO to determine the self-consumed and supplied energies of each peer. Finally, some case studies allow an assessment of the performance of the proposed methodology. Results show, among other things, the potential benefits of allowing the allocation coefficients to take negative values to increase the retail market competition; the importance of stage one or, alternatively, the need for a fair internal price to avoid unfair collective benefit sharing among the community members; or how stage three can effectively contribute to grid constraint solving, profiting first from the existing flexible resources.

Abstract
When the price of the energy shared within an energy community is based on a local energy market, it is the responsibility of each participant to bid adequately so that participating provides a larger benefit than not participating. Alternatively, centralized energy community bill minimization may be an option, but a mechanism to share the collective benefits among the members is needed. This mechanism should be fair and easy to explain, no members should be harmed with respect to their individual optimal behavior and should provide the right economic signal. This paper analyses and compares some common pricing mechanisms for the internal compensation for the energy shared among the members of an energy community centrally managed. Simple case examples are used to identify those pricing mechanisms that are fairer and provide the righter economic signals to the participants.

Abstract
This work aims to present a thorough study of a district heating scenario in a Greek industrial park case. The work is supported by the EMB3Rs open-source platform, allowing to perform a feasibility analysis of the system. In particular, this work explores the market module of this platform to provide a detailed market analysis of energy exchange within the Greek industrial park. The results pinpoint the effectiveness of the platform in simulating different market designs like centralized and decentralized, making clear the potential benefit the sources in the test case may achieve by engaging in a market framework. Different options for market clearing are considered in the study, for instance, including CO2 signals to reach carbon neutrality or community preferences to increase community autonomy. One can conclude that excess heat from existing sources is enough to cover other industries/facilities' heat demand, leading to environmental benefits as well as a fairer financial profits allocation.