João Pavão

Abstract
This paper presents a scoping review of the literature on user-centred usability evaluation of Embodied Communication Agents (ECAs) embedded in digital solutions to support older adults. Twenty-nine studies were included in this scoping review. The included studies reported the implementation of digital solutions to promote: (i) secure and supportive environment; (ii) healthcare provision; (iii) healthy lifestyles; and (iv) social involvement and active participation. In terms of usability evaluation, it was not possible to identify a common understanding on the methods and instruments being used since there is high heterogeneity in terms of experimental design. Moreover, some methodological flaws were identified when analysing the experimental design of the included studies. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
This paper presents a systematic mapping review of the literature on innovative digital solutions to detect cognitive impairment of community-dwelling older adults. Seventy-six articles were included in this mapping review. Most of the included articles (i.e., 65 articles) reported the implementation and validation of computerized versions of paper-based neuropsychological tests. In turn, 11 studies are related to the application of emerging technologies to detect cognitive decline, including serious games, virtual reality, and data analytics (e.g., algorithms to analyse data from ubiquitous daily activity and interaction sensing) approaches. From these 11 studies, four include experimental setups to determine if the developed digital solutions can discriminate cognitive impairments. Based on the mapping review findings is possible to conclude that further research is required to develop cognitive screening approaches alternative to computerized versions of paper-based neuropsychological tests.

Abstract
During the last decades, local, regional, and national governments promoted the development of smart cities, aiming the integration of traditional urban infrastructures and information technologies to provide high quality and sustainable urban services. Smart cities' implementations may change the way the individuals experience the urban spaces. Looking specifically to older adults, smart cities' applications have the potential of promoting their autonomy, independence, safety, well-being, social participation, and inclusion. This paper presents a survey of the scientific literature aiming to analyse current evidence related to smart cities' applications to support older adults and to identify issues for future research.

Abstract

Abstract
Embodied Communication Agents are being used to support older adults but there is still a lack of knowledge about their impact. Therefore, this paper presents a scoping review of the literature on user centred evaluation of the impact of Embodied Communication Agents when embedded in digital solutions to support older adults. The ten studies that were included in this scoping review reported on the implementation of digital solutions to promote physical activity, minimize loneliness, provide spiritual comfort, facilitate problem solving and knowledge acquisition, and support the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. In terms of impact assessment, different outcomes were considered, and the included studies reported significant impact in terms of steps walked and acknowledge acquisition, a trend in the reduction of loneliness, and good sensitivity and specificity to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases.