Abstract
The development of foot ulcers is associated with the Diabetic Foot (DF), which is a problem detected in patientswith Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Several studies demonstrate that thermography is a technique that can be used to identify and monitor the DF problems, thus helping to analyze the possibility of ulcers arising, as tissue inflammation causes temperature variation. There is great interest in developing methods to detect abnormal plantar temperature changes, since healthy individuals generally show characteristic patterns of plantar temperature variation and that the plantar temperature distribution of DF tissues does not followa specific pattern, so temperature variations are difficult to measure. In this sequel, a methodology, that uses thermograms to analyze the diversity of thermal changes that exist in the plant of a foot and classifies it as being from an individual with possibility of ulcer arising or not, is presented in this paper. Therefore, the concept of clustering is used to propose binary classifiers with different descriptors, obtained using two clustering algorithms, to predict the risk of ulceration in a foot. Moreover, for each descriptor, a numerical indicator and a classification thresholder are presented. In addition, using a combination of two different descriptors, a hybrid quantitative indicator is presented. A public dataset (containing 90 thermograms of the sole of the foot healthy people and 244 of DM patients) was used to evaluate the performance of the classifiers; using the hybrid quantitative indicator and the k-means clustering, the following metrics were obtained: Accuracy = 80%, AUC = 87% and F-measure = 86%.

Abstract
Melanoma is considered the deadliest type of skin cancer and in the last decade, the incidence rate has increased substantially. However, automatic melanoma classification has been widely used to aid the detection of lesions as well as prevent eventual death. Therefore, in this paper we decided to investigate how an attention mechanism combined with a classical backbone network would affect the classification of melanomas. This mechanism is known as triplet attention, a lightweight method that allows to capture cross-domain interactions. This characteristic helps to acquire rich discriminative feature representations. The different experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the model in five different datasets. The model was evaluated based on sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1-Score. Even though it is a simple method, this attention mechanism shows that its application could be beneficial in classification tasks.

Abstract
X-ray bone semantic segmentation is one crucial task in medical imaging. Due to deep learning's emergence, it was possible to build high-precision models. However, these models require a large quantity of annotated data. Furthermore, semantic segmentation requires pixel-wise labeling, thus being a highly time-consuming task. In the case of hip joints, there is still a need for increased anatomic knowledge due to the intrinsic nature of the femur and acetabulum. Active learning aims to maximize the model's performance with the least possible amount of data. In this work, we propose and compare the use of different queries, including uncertainty and diversity-based queries. Our results show that the proposed methods permit state-of-the-art performance using only 81.02% of the data, with O(1) time complexity.

Abstract
Industry 4.0 has been changing and improving the manufacturing processes. To embrace these changes, factories must keep up to date with all the new emerging technologies. In the automotive industry, the growing demand for customization and constant car model changes leads to an inevitable grow of complexity of the final product quality inspection process. In the project INDTECH 4.0, smart technologies are being explored in an automotive factory assembly line to automate the vehicle quality control, which still relies on human inspection based on paper conformity checklists. This paper proposes an automated inspection process based on computer vision to assist operators in the conformity assessment of informative labels affixed inside the engine compartment of the car. Two of the most recent object detection algorithms: YOLOv5 and YOLOX are evaluated for the identification of labels in the images. Our results show high mean average precision on both algorithms (98%), which overall, tells us that both algorithms showed good performances and have potential to be implemented in the shop floor to support the vehicle quality control.

Abstract
With the increase of distance learning, in general, and e-learning, in particular, having a system capable of determining the engagement of students is of primordial importance, and one of the biggest challenges, both for teachers, researchers and policymakers. Here, we present a system to detect the engagement level of the students. It uses only information provided by the typical built-in web-camera present in a laptop computer, and was designed to work in real time. We combine information about the movements of the eyes and head, and facial emotions to produce a concentration indexwith three classes of engagement: very engaged, nominally engaged and not engaged at all. The system was tested in a typical e-learning scenario, and the results show that it correctly identifies each period of time where students were very engaged, nominally engaged and not engaged at all. Additionally, the results also show that the students with best scores also have higher concentration indexes.

Abstract
In this paper, a new framework for accurate reliability analysis is proposed based on improving the directional simulation by using metaheuristic algorithms. Usually for highly nonlinear and complex performance functions, finding the unit vector direction requires very high calculations or impossible practically. Hence, the novel improved version incorporates the Harris Hawks Optimization algorithm, where the unit vector of direction is formulated as a constrained optimization problem and estimated using metaheuristic algorithms. Given that metaheuristic algorithms have been introduced to solve unconstrained problems, the penalty function method is used to convert the constrained problem into an unconstrained problem. The applicability of the proposed framework is firstly tested on five highly nonlinear benchmark functions and then applied to solve four high-dimensional engineering problems. The performance of six simulations-based reliability analysis methods and the first-order reliability method were compared with the proposed method. Besides the feasibility of other metaheuristic algorithms were investigated. The results show high-performance abilities of the improved version of the directional simulation for solving highly nonlinear engineering problems.