Abstract
The use of 3D animations in medical education is becoming increasingly popular. Indeed, animations are an efficient way to present complex information, reducing time spent reading textbooks. Thus, in the educational contexts, animations can help students learn more efficiently, retain and better understand information. In addition to improving the learning experience, medical education is a highly important and necessary endeavor, as it can directly affect the lives of patients. These videos can be useful in emergency care instructions and provide information about how to administer CPR to a patient or help in forensic reconstructions; a doctor might explain a medical term to a patient in a friendly way, and they can also help patients understand complex procedures. We find it important to understand if students and schools, when challenged, take a role in their community preparedness for major health problems. Projects led by schools are addressed within educational scenarios focused on STEM education and developed under a relevant public health issue through their continuous engagement in open schooling approach. By implementing an educational scenario with a focus on 3D animation, and thus potentiate the use of this technology, we intend to help raise awareness on the public health theme. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
Background: In peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients with intermittent claudication (IC), the combination of aerobic and resistance exercises could counteract muscle loss and attenuate disease progression. This study analyzed the effects of six months of a combined exercise program on walking ability, lower limb body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Methods: Twenty-three patients (age 63.2 +/- 1.5 years and ABI 0.58 +/- 0.07) with PAD and IC were allocated to a control group (CG) or a supervised exercise group (SUP). Ten patients underwent six months of treadmill walking combined with resistance exercises, three times a week. The CG (N.=13) received a recommendation for walking. All patients were measured at baseline (M0), after three months (M3), and six months (M6). Results: During constant treadmill protocol, the claudication onset time/distance (COT/COD), absolute claudication time/distance (ACT/ACD), and number of pauses of overall patients significantly improved at M3 and M6. Between groups were found significant differences in COT and COD at M6 (P=0.005 and P=0.007, respectively); and in ACT and ACD at M3 (P=0.003 for both) and at M6 (P=0.005 and P=0.005, respectively), with major improvements in the SUP. Over the six months, a significant group effect was found in fat-free mass (P=0.041) and predicted muscle mass (P=0.039) of the lower ABI leg, with greater improvements in the SUP. Conclusions: A supervised exercise program that combines aerobic and resistance training improves PAD symptoms and has additional benefits for patients. Patients in the program showed improvements in walking ability, lower-limb body composition, perceived exertion, and heart rate during treadmill walking.

Abstract
The relevance of the tourism industry to the overall sustainability of rural territories grows along with the demand for rural tourism destinations. Likewise, as the digital transition of rural tour operators takes place, their marketing initiatives also evolve towards a digital nature, which is why it is crucial to comprehend how the overall calibre of these activities might affect the perception of rural places, while also motivating tourists' travel intentions and, as a result, promoting the general sustainability of the destination. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel conceptual model based on Delone and McLean's representative model of Information Systems Success Model, on Tan and Wu's arguments on tourism destinations' image relationship with tourists' visit intentions, and also on Verma's tourism destination brand equity concept. To validate the proposed model, an online focus group was developed involving several specialists whose opinions and perspectives corroborated the potential adequacy of the proposed artefact and, consequently, assumed its contribution and value. From this validation process, it was possible to highlight that digital marketing initiatives' overall quality influences both rural destinations' image and tourists' intention to visit these territories, that a positive image will trigger tourists' visit behaviour, and that these behaviours represent a valuable asset to rural destinations' global sustainability.

Abstract
Water scarcity is becoming an issue of more significant concern with a major impact on global sustainability. For it, new measures and approaches are urgently needed. Digital technologies and tools can play an essential role in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of current water management approaches. Therefore, a solution is proposed and validated, given the limited presence of models or technological architectures in the literature to support intelligent water management systems for domestic use. It is based on a layered architecture, fully designed to meet the needs of households and to do so through the adoption of technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing. By developing a prototype and using it as a use case for testing purposes, we have concluded the positive impact of using such a solution. Considering this is a first contribution to overcome the problem, some issues will be addressed in a future work, namely, data and device security and energy and traffic optimisation issues, among several others.

Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate whether a 14-day period of balneotherapy influences the inflammatory status, health-related quality of life (QoL) and quality of sleep, underlying overall health state, and clinically relevant benefits of patients with musculoskeletal diseases (MD). The health-related QoL was evaluated using the following instruments: 5Q-5D-5L, EQ-VAS, EUROHIS-QOL, B-IPQ, and HAQ-DI. The quality of sleep was evaluated by a BaSIQS instrument. Circulating levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by ELISA and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, respectively. The smartband, Xiaomi MI Band 4, was used for real-time sensing of physical activity and sleep quality. MD patients improved the health-related QoL measured by 5Q-5D-5L (p < 0.001), EQ-VAS (p < 0.001), EUROHIS-QOL (p = 0.017), B-IPQ (p < 0.001), and HAQ-DI (p = 0.019) after balneotherapy; the sleep quality was also improved (BaSIQS, p = 0.019). Serum concentrations of IL-6 were markedly decreased after the 14-day balneotherapy (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed regarding the physical activity and sleep quality data recorded by the smartband. Balneotherapy may be an effective alternative treatment in managing the health status of MD patients, with a decrease in inflammatory states, along with positive effects on pain reduction, patient's functionality, QoL, quality of sleep, and disability perception status.

Abstract
The application of the Internet of Things concept in domains such as industrial control, building automation, human health, and environmental monitoring, introduces new privacy and security challenges. Consequently, traditional implementation of monitoring and security mechanisms cannot always be presently feasible and adequate due to the number of IoT devices, their heterogeneity and the typical limitations of their technical specifications. In this paper, we propose an IP flow-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) framework to monitor and protect IoT networks from external and internal threats in real-time. The proposed framework collects IP flows from an IoT network and analyses them in order to monitor and detect attacks, intrusions, and other types of anomalies at different IoT architecture layers based on some flow features instead of using packet headers fields and their payload. The proposed framework was designed to consider both the IoT network architecture and other IoT contextual characteristics such as scalability, heterogeneity, interoperability, and the minimization of the use of IoT networks resources. The proposed IDS framework is network-based and relies on a hybrid architecture, as it involves both centralized analysis and distributed data collection components. In terms of detection method, the framework uses a specification-based approach drawn on normal traffic specifications. The experimental results show that this framework can achieve approximate to 100% success and 0% of false positives in detection of intrusions and anomalies. In terms of performance and scalability in the operation of the IDS components, we study and compare it with three different conventional IDS (Snort, Suricata, and Zeek) and the results demonstrate that the proposed solution can consume fewer computational resources (CPU, RAM, and persistent memory) when compared to those conventional IDS.