Abstract
The thermal SPA sector is currently experiencing a stable growth trend, which according to the World Tourism Organization (WTO) is expected to continue over the upcoming years. In Portugal, the sector has a very significant profile, with the existence of almost a hundred SPAs and thermal SPAs that generate a business volume (direct and indirect) of over 30 M€ per year. Although the beginning of the process of digital transformation of the sector is already visible, there is no holistic view of the sector which means that the currently existing information systems (IS) do not present a useful response to the needs faced by the sector. Therefore, an architecture proposal was conceived and described for an IS that provides a useful, efficient, and agile response to the needs of the entire thermalism sector and its stakeholders. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Abstract
The emergence of the sixth generation of cellular systems (6G) signals a transformative era and ecosystem for mobile communications, driven by demands from technologies like the internet of everything (IoE), V2X communications, and factory automation. To support this connectivity, mission-critical applications are emerging with challenging network requirements. The primary goals of 6G include providing sophisticated and high-quality services, extremely reliable and further-enhanced mobile broadband (feMBB), low-latency communication (ERLLC), long-distance and high-mobility communications (LDHMC), ultra-massive machine-type communications (umMTC), extremely low-power communications (ELPC), holographic communications, and quality of experience (QoE), grounded in incorporating massive broad-bandwidth machine-type (mBBMT), mobile broad-bandwidth and low-latency (MBBLL), and massive low-latency machine-type (mLLMT) communications. In attaining its objectives, 6G faces challenges that demand inventive solutions, incorporating AI, softwarization, cloudification, virtualization, and slicing features. Technologies like network function virtualization (NFV), network slicing, and software-defined networking (SDN) play pivotal roles in this integration, which facilitates efficient resource utilization, responsive service provisioning, expanded coverage, enhanced network reliability, increased capacity, densification, heightened availability, safety, security, and reduced energy consumption. It presents innovative network infrastructure concepts, such as resource-as-a-service (RaaS) and infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), featuring management and service orchestration mechanisms. This includes nomadic networks, AI-aware networking strategies, and dynamic management of diverse network resources. This paper provides an in-depth survey of the wireless evolution leading to 6G networks, addressing future issues and challenges associated with 6G technology to support V2X environments considering presenting +challenges in architecture, spectrum, air interface, reliability, availability, density, flexibility, mobility, and security.

Abstract
The growing use of technology and social media has resulted in the emergence of digital influencers, a new profession capable of changing the mentalities and behaviours of those who follow them. This study arises to better understand the potential impact digital influencers might have on the Portuguese population’s purchase behaviour and patterns, and for this purpose, seven hypotheses were formulated. An online questionnaire was conducted to respond to these theoretical assumptions and collected data from 175 respondents. A total of 129 valid answers were considered. It was possible to conclude that purchase intention does not necessarily translate into a purchase action. It was also concluded that the relationship between social network use and the purchase of products/services recommended by influencers is only significant for Instagram. Furthermore, individuals’ Generation is not significantly linked with purchasing a product/service recommended by influencers. Furthermore, a small percentage of respondents have also identified themselves as impulsive shoppers and perceived Instagram as their favourite social network. With the results of this study, it is also possible to state that the influencer’s opinion was classified as the last factor considered in the purchase decision process. Additionally, there is a weak negative association between purchasing a product/service recommended by influencers with sponsorship disclosure and remunerated partnership, which decreases credibility and discourages purchasing.

Abstract
The scoping review reported by this article aimed to analyse how security and privacy mechanism are being integrated with Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR). An electronic search was conducted, and 37 studies were included in the review. The results show that 19 studies (i.e., more than half of the included studies) reported on the use of blockchain technology to (i) assure secure data sharing, (ii) provide secure Personal Health Records, (iii) support authentication and auditing mechanisms, (iv) support smart legal contracts, and (v) monitor the access to clinical data. The remainder 18 articles reported on the implementation of security and privacy mechanisms related to (i) data security at transmission, (ii) data security at storage, (iii) access control; (iv) data anonymization, and (v) management of informed consents. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
The scoping review reported by this article aimed to analyze and synthesize state-of-the-art studies focused on the integration of cyber resilience in the implementation of smart cities. An electronic search was conducted, and 11 studies were included in this review after the selection process. According to the findings, cyber resilience represents a gap of the current research related to smart cities and, therefore, additional efforts are required to guarantee that smart cities are resilient to challenging events such as cyber-attacks or natural disasters. © 2023 ITMA.

Abstract
The systematic review reported by this article aimed to analyze and synthesize state-of-the-art studies focused on the cyber resilience of healthcare information systems, namely in terms of (i) their purposes and (ii) methods being used to validate the proposed solutions. An electronic search was conducted, and 14 studies were included in this systematic review after the selection process. The research related to cyber resilience in the context of healthcare information systems is relatively recent and it is increasing, and according to the findings five different purposes were identified: (i) strategies to improve the cyber resilience of healthcare information systems; (ii) methods to design cyber resilient healthcare information systems; (iii) risk assessment; (iv) cyber resilience frameworks; and (v) development of cyber resilient healthcare information systems. Moreover, the solutions reported by the included articles present a low maturity level, which means that further research is required to increase the cyber resilience of healthcare information systems that constitute critical assets of the healthcare provision. © 2024 The Author(s).