Abstract
This document presents the Tacks summary of Trends on Gamification, Generative AI, Multidisciplinary Technological Resources, Engineering Education, New Trends in Mechatronics, Diversity Gap in STEM, Laboratories in STEM Education at TEEM 2023, which was held in Bragança (Portugal) from October 25–27. These sessions were held as tracks of the International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM’23). © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a polishing prototype with a rotating sponge to be applied in the automation of a finishing process for the ceramic industry, focusing on increasing mechanical robustness. The prototype includes an AC motor, encoder, microcontroller, motor drive, and a collaborative robot to assist in the tests. Validation experiments related to the speed and force control were performed followed by the trajectory control tests using pieces printed using 3D printing technology to simulate the ceramic pieces. The results were satisfactory and showed a good performance of the polishing prototype, being this a good teaching aid tool to assist in the teaching and practical classes of mechatronics. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution is based on the production process’s digitisation to promote traceability, reduction of waste and decision support. This transition from the physical to the information domain requires, besides the process’s digital representation, sensors and transducers capable of capturing the system states. In the case of agricultural processes, due to the heterogeneity of production conditions, as well as the large area in which it takes place, physical characterisation often requires a large number of sensors spread over several hectares. This fact makes the economic costs associated with the digitisation of agriculture a very relevant aspect. In particular, if robust and precise sensors are to be deployed. Within this reference frame, this paper describes the approach taken to develop low-cost sensors capable of measuring soil moisture at three different depths. Robustness is achieved through the use of materials with high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance and both accuracy and repeatability are accomplished by using a signal conditioning strategy based on a programmable analogue front-end. Details about the methodology used are presented throughout the article. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

Abstract
The authors present the Effective Solution Based Learning, which derives from Project-Based Learning but is applied to real problems in order to build effective solutions. Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness on the assumption that encourages greater involvement and commitment on the part of students, ensuring a context that is intended to be more attractive and close to what will be their professional reality. Effectiveness is measured by the functionalities considered essential for solving the problem, but also the viability of the solution to be effectively used after the end of development, without the need for continued student involvement. A brief summary of the methodology is presented in the paper, emphasizing, in particular, the criteria and requirements for choosing project themes. The results of the first year of evaluation are also presented in the paper, pointing to a clear reduction in dropouts and an increase in approved students. Considering that this is achieved with more demand and work, it is arguable that it also resulted in students with more knowledge and skills. The authors also include in this paper the results of a survey done to the students, after the project conclusion, to assess the students’ perspective on this methodology. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

Abstract
This paper presents a simulation model of a Time of Flight distance sensor applying SimTwo robotics simulator in order to contribute to a mobile robotics application, in an educational context. The objective is to observe the sensor behavior, inside the simulation environment, face a set of experiments, such as an abrupt difference of distance, several angle inclinations and measurements to the maximum sensor range. The tests were performed using SimTwo being a high performance, open source, versatile, real time simulation environment, in which is possible to configure an specific sensor adding its features, which allows to achieve a realistic simulation. The results represented the expected sensor behavior for the proposed scenarios. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

Abstract
Our contemporary society necessitates professionals equipped with 21st-century skills. Disciplines within Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (known as STEAM) have been particularly effective in fostering these skills. However, when considering students with disabilities, especially those with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD), this assertion often falls short. In this context, the RoboSTEAMSEN project emerges as an initiative designed to enhance educational processes by providing teachers of IDD students with the necessary resources to promote STEAM engagement. The project proposes the use of active learning methodologies and robotics to achieve this goal. The primary objective of the project is realized through several strategies: understanding the needs of students with disabilities and adapting the use of robotics and active learning methodologies accordingly; training teachers in the use of these resources; and creating a platform to exchange experiences, resources, lessons learned, tools, case scenarios, etc., while reaching other potential stakeholders such as caregivers and policymakers. The main outcomes of the project are teacher training programs and the development of associated competencies, tools to identify and classify resources for the students, and technological platforms to ensure the sustainability of the project once it concludes.