Abstract
This paper describes outdoor field measurements in television white spaces (TVWS) carried out in Munich, Germany. Fixed and mobile measurements in rural, sub-urban and urban scenarios showed that the modified Hata model is appropriate to describe the path loss over distances up to few kilometers, and may be used in the process to populate a geo-location database.

Abstract
This chapter describes outdoor transmission tests and field measurements in TV white spaces (TVWS) carried out in Europe. TVWS Measurements in Germany showed that the extended Hata model is appropriate to describe the path loss over distances up to a few kilometers. During the TVWS trial in Slovenia, we combine infrastructure sensing with geo-location database access to protect not only DVB-T, but also wireless microphone (WM) signals from TVWS devices interference. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview on European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) activities related to opportunistic spectrum sharing technology with a specific focus on (TV) white spaces. Key use cases are outlined and a novel approach for a coordinated and an uncoordinated approach for accessing the spectrum resource is given. A spectrum coordinator is indeed introduced in order to handle resource management. Furthermore, database system design and inter-database communication solutions are discussed as they are introduced by ETSI. Finally, various sensing mechanisms are detailed, which allow to monitor the radio environment and to feed decision-making components correspondingly. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Abstract
TV White Spaces (TVWS) technology allows wireless devices to opportunistically use locally-available TV channels enabled by a geolocation database. The UK regulator Ofcom has initiated a pilot of TVWS technology in the UK. This paper concerns a large-scale series of trials under that pilot. The purposes are to test aspects of white space technology, including the white space device and geolocation database interactions, the validity of the channel availability/powers calculations by the database and associated interference effects on primary services, and the performances of the white space devices, among others. An additional key purpose is to perform research investigations such as on aggregation of TVWS resources with conventional resources and also aggregation solely within TVWS, secondary coexistence issues and means to mitigate such issues, and primary coexistence issues under challenging deployment geometries, among others. This paper provides an update on the trials, giving an overview of their objectives and characteristics, some aspects that have been covered, and some early results and observations.

Abstract
In this paper, all-optical logic functions, implemented with a single SOA-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI), are demonstrated experimentally and through numerical simulations. The proposed optical configuration is capable to carry out four logic operations, using simultaneously both output ports of the SOA-MZI. This may reduce the power cost and make possible to obtain simultaneously multi logic functions. The performance of such an architecture is assessed measuring the obtained extinction ratio (ER) for each Boolean function. The potential of integration makes the proposed scheme attractive to perform optical signal processing operations in next generation photonic transmission systems.

Abstract
Data centres are large energy consumers. A large portion of this power consumption is due to the control of physical parameters of the data centre (such as temperature and humidity). However, these physical parameters are tightly coupled with computations, and even more so in upcoming data centres, where the location of workloads can vary substantially due, for example, to workloads being moved in the cloud infrastructure hosted in the data centre. Therefore, managing the physical and compute infrastructure of a large data centre is an embodiment of a cyber-physical system (CPS). In this paper, we describe a data collection and distribution architecture that enables gathering physical parameters of a large data centre at a very high temporal and spatial resolution of the sensor measurements. We detail this architecture and define the structure of the underlying messaging system that is used to collect and distribute the data.