Abstract
The self-bending process of steady-state bright spatial solitons in biased photorefractive media is investigated by taking into account diffusion effects. By integrating numerically the nonlinear propagation equation, it is found that the soliton beam evolution is approximately adiabatic. The self-deflection process is further studied using perturbation analysis, which predicts that the center of the optical beam moves on a parabolic trajectory and, moreover, that the central spatial frequency component shifts linearly with the propagation distance. Relevant examples are provided.

Abstract
We derive vector soliton solutions for photorefractive media in which the refractive-index perturbations must be treated as tensors. The two polarizations of the vector solitons may be coupled through the space-charge field alone and/or through cross terms in the electro-optic tenser, which requires phase matching and specific configurations. We analyze bright planar vector solitons and verify their stability. (C) 1995 Optical Society of America

Abstract
A theory describing the steady-state propagation of orthogonally polarized planar bright beams in biased photorefractive media is developed. Interactions between soliton states of each polarization in a strontium barium niobate photorefractive crystal are then investigated numerically. Our results indicate that such vector interactions can lead to a number of interesting effects such as beam compression and beam steering. (C) 1995 Optical Society of America

Abstract
We show that incoherently coupled soliton pairs are possible in biased photorefractive crystals, under steady-state conditions. These solitons can propagate in bright-bright, dark-dark, as well as in bright-dark configurations. Such soliton pairs can be established provided that the carrier beams share the same polarization, wavelength, and are mutually incoherent. Relevant examples are provided where the photorefractive crystal is of the strontium barium niobate type. The characteristics and stability properties of these soliton states are also discussed in detail. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.

Abstract
ATM, the Asynchronous Transfer Mode cell-based switching technique, was finally recognized in 1992 by the relevant International standardization entities, as the switching and multiplexing solution for implementing the future Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN). Because of its service-independent characteristics. ATM will provide B-ISDN with capabilities for integrated support of a wide range of services in a very flexible and efficient way. Transmission of multimedia services in the B-ISDN is currently being addressed by several Study Groups of ITU-T and ETSI. In addition to identifying the required network capabilities and to defining the functional model of multimedia services in the B-ISDN, the possible alternatives for performing the multiplexing operation of the different components of a multimedia application are also being evaluated. The MPEG2 standard (ISO/IEC 13818), which is now in its final phase of specification, is being accepted worldwide as the appropriate coding technique to implement almost all types of video applications and multimedia services involving good-quality fullmotion video. It seems therefore important to evaluate the alternatives for performing the multiplexing operation of the elementary components of an MPEG2-based multimedia application over ATM networks. In fact, different Study Groups of both ITU-T and ETSI, as well as the ATM Forum, are now evaluating alternatives for. mapping MPEG2 streams into ATM cells.

Abstract
This paper investigates the use of mixed-signal test support ICs to extend a digital, board level test infrastructure to the analog section of a mixed-signal board. The architecture of a prototype test support IC is described and its application to the test of an infrared emitter-receiver board is discussed.