Abstract
The development of the microgrid (MG) concept endows distribution networks with increased reliability and resilience and offers an adequate management and control solution for massive deployment of microgeneration and electric vehicles (EVs). Within an MG, local generation can be exploited to launch a local restoration procedure following a blackout. EVs are flexible resources that can also be actively included in the restoration procedure, thus contributing to the improvement of MG operating conditions. The feasibility of MG service restoration, including the active participation of EVs, is demonstrated in this article through extensive numerical simulation and experimentation in a laboratorial setup. © 2007-2011 IEEE.

Abstract
This paper describes a power conversion system that implements bidirectional power flow between the electric grid and a battery, based on a full bridge inverter associated with a dual active bridge. A method for power flow control based on the agreement between battery pack and low voltage grid requirements has been developed to allow the large penetration of both, electric vehicles (EV) and renewable microgeneration. A laboratory prototype containing all functions required to implement a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power interface has been built. The hardware implementation is reported, including control scheme and high-frequency transformer design details. Converter key waveforms are presented to evaluate the power quality on batteries and grid, as well as its dynamic behavior. An experimental laboratory setup is described and results are shown to demonstrate the technical benefits for low-voltage (LV) microgrids, if electric vehicle charger includes a power flow control based on frequency-voltage droop concept. © 2013 IEEE.

Abstract
This paper presents a Rapid P rototyping Framework (RPF) based on MATLAB/Simulink and the next steps towards developing an interactive control architecture based on the TI TMS320F28335 DSP. Firstly, the rapid proto typing framework is described comprising the details of the tools and hardware. Secondly, the experiments towards the realization of a real-time control application for the experimental setup are revealed. Finally, a controller for managing the DC link control of EVs with multiple energy sources was implemented by the RPF to demonstrate the performance of the developed system.

Abstract
The coordinated control of vehicle actuators is gaining more importance as new platforms are becoming available, with chassis endowed with many different actuators that may help controlling the vehicle motion. Further, in-wheel motors (IWMs) allow using a single system to apply both positive and negative torques at the wheels, which can be actuated independently one from the other. In electric vehicles (EVs), moreover, such a freedom in the actuation mechanisms opens the way to the combined optimization of performance and energy consumption issues. In this paper, the problem of torque allocation for maximizing the vehicle performance in EVs is addressed. The proposed strategy is compared against a benchmark, a-causal optimal solution showing that only a negligible loss of performance is experienced.

Abstract
The design of efficient and high power density electrical machines needs an accurate characterization of magnetic phenomena. Core losses estimation is usually addressed by empirical models, where its lack of accuracy is well known. Hysteresis models are able to take an insight into the magnetic physical mechanisms. Compared to the empirical models, they contribute to a higher accuracy in modeling electromagnetic systems, including core losses estimation. At a macroscopic level, two models are often used: the Preisach and the Jiles-Atherton (J-A) models. This paper presents their basic formulation, as well the main limitations and scope of application. This is a first step to investigate the possible application of hysteresis models, in order to reach accurate core losses estimation in switched reluctance machines.

Abstract
This paper proposes a fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme based on sliding mode control for multi-motor electric vehicles. A design method of a sliding mode tracking controller with control allocation is developed based on the information provide by fault detection and identification (FDI) mechanism. The vehicles states yaw rate and longitudinal velocity are simultaneously controlled to track their references. A particular attention is given to study the effect of non-perfect fault estimation. The control allocation explore the over actuated system in order to redistribute the control effort when a fault occurs. Simulations in various driving scenarios with different faults are carried out with a high-fidelity, CarSim, full-vehicle model. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed FTC approach.