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This descriptive study explores the state of CSR education and research in Portugal. It aims to depict the state of CSR in Portugal, in particular in what concerns the nature and the extent of education and research on CSR being undertaken in Portugal. The methodology used includes analysis of relevant literature and of business schools’ websites, and a survey by questionnaire among students at the business school at which the authors of this chapter teach and research. In terms of CSR practices, there is still some focus on social issues, given the state of development of the Portuguese economy. There are signs of CSR having reached a reasonable level of maturity. Although CSR education and research seem to be reasonably well developed in the leading business schools, the same is not the case with other schools. Research on CSR is concentrated in the schools in which CSR education is more developed.

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Sugarcane is an important product to the Brazilian economy because it is the primary ingredient of ethanol which is used as a gasoline substitute. Sugarcane is aflected by many factors which can be modelled in a Bayesian Graph. This paper describes a technique to build a Causal Bayesian Network from information in news stories. The technique: extracts causal relations from news stories, converts them into an event graph, removes irrelevant information, solves structure problems, and clusters the event graph by topic distribution. Finally, the paper describes a method for generating inferences from the graph based upon evidence in agricultural news stories. The graph is evaluated through a manual inspection and with a comparison with the EMBRAPA sugarcane taxonomy. © ACM 2016.

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Background/Aims: Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a serious and frequent complication of hemodialysis (HD). Thus far, data are scarcely available to assess the impact of first versus subsequent HD sessions of the week in IDH. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to evaluate IDH risk in patients on thrice-weekly HD. Methods: We conducted an analysis of all blood pressure (BP) measurements obtained during 492 HD treatments given to 41 prevalent adult patients over a one month period. A logistic regression model for repeated binary observations was used to determine the association between hypotension and patient and dialysis factors. Results: The incidence of IDH was 32.5%. First dialysis session of the week was associated with a 9% higher risk of hypotension relatively to the second one. The risk was even higher from the first to the third session of the week (60%) and from the second to the third (50%). A higher hypotension odds ratio was also associated with age (1.03, 90% CI: 1.01-1.06), higher predialysis BP (1.04, 90% CI: 1.03-1.05) and higher phosphorus level (1.38, 90% CI: 1.07-1.76). The risk decreased 24.4% for each additional antihypertensive drug taken by the patient. Conclusions: The odds of hypotension occurrence decrease throughout dialysis sessions of the week. Minimizing modifiable risk factors may decrease IDH episodes. (C) 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel