Abstract
Electronic commerce is currently a world-wide phenomenon, with multiple impacts on the success and evolution of organizations of various business areas, due to its unique features that both challenge and revolutionize traditional entrepreneurial reasoning. However, many enterprises have experienced difficulties with their e-commerce initiatives, either due to lack of information, or because of the innumerable difficulties found in the definition of an action plan. Recognizing the importance of a broad and deep understanding of the multiple aspects supporting and constraining e-commerce, a theoretical model that explains electronic commerce initiatives is proposed. The model was developed following a qualitative methodology known as Grounded Theory, whose purpose is to assist organizations in their e-commerce initiatives. The work led to the identification and description of factors that influence the adoption and exploitation of e-commerce in Portuguese organizations.

Abstract
In this paper, we presented an application developed to measure the quality of a set of reconstructed high frame rate sequences. The main goal of the developed application is to allow the simultaneous visualization of both original and reconstructed sequences and measure the quality of the reconstructed frames.

Abstract
Over the past few decades, information systems and technologies have taken on a wide variety of roles within organizations, ranging from operational support to the strategic support of the company. Therefore, there have been significant changes in the motives for their adoption that are vital to understand to guarantee that investment is properly managed. With the purpose of identifying and characterizing the motivations currently behind the adoption of information technologies in large Portuguese companies, which systems the companies have been implementing, in which systems they intend to invest in short-term, and what is the current role of information technology within the organization, we carried out a study with the participation of several chief information officers. The findings of this study reveal that the reasons for adoption and the role that information systems and technologies play is evolving in Portuguese companies and that the adoption of certain types of systems like Enterprise Resource Planning systems is now consolidated, whereas the adoption of other systems like Business Intelligence systems should increase significantly in the near future. Copyright © 2009, IGI Global.

Abstract
Nowadays, Universities and other Training Institutions need to clearly identify the Information Technology (IT) skills that companies demand from IT practitioners. This is essential not only for offering appropriate and reliable university degrees, but also to help future IT professionals on where to focus in order to achieve better job positions. In an attempt to address this issue, this study rely on 102 Chief Information Officers, from Iberian large companies, to characterize current IT professionals and what is expected from future hirings. Results revealed that IT Technicians and Senior Analysts are the predominant positions and also that future hiring will request candidates with at least two to five years of work experience. The two most important skills found were core functions at the IT department: business knowledge and user support. In contrast, traditional competences such as web development and management of emerging technologies were less demanded. © 2010, IGI Global.

Abstract
In this paper wastewater treatment processes in fixed-bed bioreactor are examined. One possible way to acquire more precise description of such processes is their real consideration as objects with distributed parameters. In order to avoid the complexity of mathematical description of distributed parameters objects, some new methods have to be applied. In this paper a new approach for description of wastewater treatment processes, based on the apparatus of Generalized Nets and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Logic, is presented. As a result from applied techniques, different decisions could be made about the variation of the number of levels in biofilter and about optimal carrying out of the processes in the meaning of technological time and quality of outlet water.

Abstract
A new approach for modelling of Escherichia coli cultivation process, based on the apparatus of Generalized Nets, is presented in this paper. Generalized Nets provide the opportunity to describe the logic of the cultivation process modelling. Developed Generalized Net model gives a possibility to change the concentration of feeding solution in dependence of substrate concentration in the fermenter in order to prevent the inhibition effect. Moreover, proposed Generalized Nets model allows to control the concentration of dissolved oxygen at some desired value, changing the aeration rate in dependence on concentration of dissolved oxygen during the process. The opportunities, which obtained Generalized Net model gives for process optimization, affirm the apparatus of Generalized Nets as very efficient tool for modelling of fermentation processes.