Abstract
In recent years, the large deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) in low voltage networks is changing the traditional approach to power systems. This massive change is pushing towards new solutions to improve energy trading in low voltage networks. Consumer-centric options, such as full peer-to-peer (P2P) and energy community markets (CM) are seen as viable options to increase the active participation of end-users in the electricity markets. This work studies the full P2P and CM market approaches applied to the actual regulatory framework in Brazil, evaluating and comparing both approaches to be potentially applied in Brazil. A case study based on a typical Brazilian neighborhood is designed, allowing to assess the behavior of consumers and prosumers in both markets. The results show the economic viability of both models, considering the social welfare and the penetration of distributed generation in the system. An important conclusion under the current regulatory framework is that the full P2P can have greater benefits over the CM, as long as the distributed generation is enough to confer near self-sufficiency to the peer's demand.

Abstract
Renewable energy communities (REC) and local energy markets (LEM) emerge as entities capable, not only to promote the penetration of renewable energy sources into lower levels of the grid, but also to manage distributed energy resources (DER) and local energy exchanges between small players. This paper proposes a benefit assessment among different regulatory frameworks for LEM, considering network constraints and a virtual storage unit. Results show significant savings can be achieved, even without storage. Therefore, the continuous increase of DER can have considerable grid impacts if not complemented by other structures as storage or by alternative market services like flexibility.

Abstract
In recent years, traditional power systems have undergone a significant transition, mainly related to the massive penetration of renewable generation. More specifically, the transformation of residential consumers into prosumers has been challenging the existing operation of the electricity market. This transition brings new challenges and opportunities to the power system, leading to new business models. One widely discussed change is related to a consumer-centric or prosumer-driven approach, promoting increased participation of small consumers in power systems. The present paper aims at discussing the recent business models as enablers of the increasing prosumers' role. To do so, it defines the main features of prosumers and their related regulation as well as possible market designs within power systems. In addition, it discusses enabling technologies to properly create the conditions that sustain new prosumer-driven markets. Then, it presents a comprehensive review of existing and innovative business models and a discussion on their future roles in modern power systems. Moreover, a set of recommendations for promoting these business models in the power system is provided. An important conclusion is that, even though economically possible, not all innovative business models can spread around the world due to regulatory obstacles.

Abstract
The global trend guided by the energy systems decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization combined with the increase of distributed Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are allowing prosumers to take a more active role in the electricity markets. In this context, a market structure based on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) transactions is very promising but presents challenges for the network's operation. A critical challenge is to ensure that network constraints are not violated during energy trade between peers. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is the development of a methodology for the optimization of P2P energy transactions, accounting for network operation. The paper proposes a three-step approach (P2PTDF), using Topological Distribution Factors (TDF) to penalize peers responsible for violations that may occur, ensuring a feasible solution. Simulations were performed with the modified IEEE 14-bus system with 19 peers, including the possibility of exchanging energy with an external grid.

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for the optimization of bilateral point-to-point power transactions between prosumers/electricity consumers, taking into account the physical constraints of the power grid, aiming to minimize the total cost of electricity expenditures. As a resolution strategy, the optimization problem is divided into two stages. The first consists of a purely energy problem, in which prosumers/consumers establish energy exchanges in an efficient manner, in order to obtain an adequate balance between demand and total system generation. The second stage is physical, in which the grid constraints are modeled, such as maximum line loading and bus voltage level. A 14-bar system with 19 peers (agents) that also considers the possibility of switching with an external grid, which can be another set of peers, another energy community, or simply the grid under the responsibility of the local utility, is modeled for the evaluation of the proposed methodology. The proposed method proved to be effective because it achieved results where the operation of the electric grid is feasible.

Abstract
Current developments in heat pumps, supported by innovative business models, are driving several industry sectors to take a proactive role in future district heating and cooling networks in cities. For instance, supermarkets and data centers have been assessing the reuse of waste heat as an extra source for the district heating network, which would offset the additional investment in heat pumps. This innovative business model requires complete deregulation of the district heating market to allow industrial heat producers to provide waste heat as an additional source in the district heating network. This work proposes the application of innovative market designs for district heating networks, inspired by new practices seen in the electricity sector. More precisely, pool and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) market designs are addressed, comparing centralized and decentralized market proposals. An illustrative case of a Nordic district heating network is used to assess the performance of each market design, as well as the potential revenue that different heat producers can obtain by participating in the market. An important conclusion of this work is that the proposed market designs are in line with the new trends, encouraging the inclusion of new excess heat recovery players in district heating networks.