Abstract
Rural regions are a typology of region rooted around the world. Its identity and matrix are differentiated from the most urbanized regions. Associated with rural areas is a strong negative feeling of depopulation, undeveloped business fabric, less wealth and less ability to attract investment and where public and private services from various sectors of activity are not concentrated. This reality cannot be socially accepted and must be fought for greater equity within countries. To leverage this change, rural regions will have to become co-competitive and attractive regions. In order for this transformation to take place, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play a major role. This article characterizes the rural regions in their demographic and economic dimensions, emphasizing the case of the Northeast region of Portugal. Analyse and review a set of fundamental vectors where ICT can be a key driver and enabler for smart rural regions to be created. Finally, it is presented a conceptual model of what can be a smart rural region. © 2020, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
Tourism is an increasingly important global economic activity. The proliferation of technology-based mechanisms applied to this activity, has been prompted by a growing number of more demanding consumers, well informed and receptive to new tools to access information and also by the fact that tourism is an information-intensive activity. However, in what concerns peripheral rural tourism destinations, which are to a large extend made up of micro and small enterprises, there is a lack of evidence that the maturity of data that is captured, processed and maintained, by tourism organizations, has a sufficient level of maturity to support the application of Big Data Analytics techniques. This paper, which intends to examine peripheral and mainly rural tourism destinations, analyses the key issues about technology on tourism and proposes a matrix so that we can gauge if the data currently available, and its maturity level, are sufficient to support the use of Big Data Analytics, with all the inherent benefits that rural tourism destinations could arise from its use. Copyright © 2018 International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA).

Abstract
Technological evolution has led to the emergence of a set of solutions suitable to support mobility and ubiquity scenarios. Wireless computing and mobile devices together with the miniaturization of sensors and actuators, which are now embedded in physical spaces, are today's reality. This phenomenon opened the door to a set of opportunities for reengineering how we perceive a given fact or situation and how we act on it. With regard to the delivery of information to users of a given physical space, there is now the possibility of radically transforming the mechanisms of interaction between the space and the user, redesigning the entire experience of interaction. This change allows the user to see the physical space around him adapt to himself and provide him with contextualized and personalized information according to his profile of interest. This approach can improve the way we manage customer relationships in a given business context. This article presents an overview of the state of the art of intelligent spaces and analyzes the potential of indoor positioning systems and techniques, and proposes a conceptual model for the detection of users in physical spaces and the consequent adaptation of an intelligent physical space to provide information aligned with the user's interest profile and in accordance with their privacy rules.

Abstract
The evolution of technology has led to a set of technologies suitable for mobility and ubiquity scenarios. Phenomena of wireless computing, mobile devices and, generally, miniaturized sensors and actuators embedded in physical spaces are a today's reality. This phenomenon has opened the door to a set of opportunities for reengineering the way we perceive a given fact or situation and the way we act on it. Regarding the delivery of information to users of a given physical space, there is now the possibility of transforming the mechanisms of interaction between the space and the user. This change allows the user to see the physical space, that surrounds him, to adapt to himself and to provide him contextualized and personalized information according to his profile of interest. This approach can improve the way we manage customer relationships in a given business context. This paper overview the state of the art of smart spaces and analyses the potential of indoor positioning systems and techniques, and propose a conceptual model for the detection of users in physical spaces and the consequent adaptation of a smart physical space to provide information aligned with the user's profile of interest and according to is privacy rules.

Abstract
A generalization of the use of websites in tourism and in other areas has not always been synonymous of quality, thus justifying the search for evaluation of this type of software product, which is required systematically and effectively. Although, it is difficult to make a systematic and complete evaluation on websites, they are quality due to their diversity of functionalities, which make them complex to analyses. Many studies have proposed new website evaluation frameworks and criteria. The main objective of this paper is to analyse Portugal and Spain tourism websites, using one model for evaluate tourism websites and a qualitative method approach in order to assess the quality of the respective websites and to identify possible improvements.

Abstract
The security of systems and networks is a multidisciplinary challenge of increasingly importance which has stimulated the development of multiple solutions for an effective response to the requirements that are needed. In pursuing this demand much of the focus of security proposals has focused on ensuring mechanisms that prevent organizations from being attacked from outside their perimeter. However, the evolution of the tasks carried out by the internal organizations collaborators, which demand an increasing degree of use of computational resources and privileged access to multiple sources of information, emerge an increasing concern in the monitoring of the behaviours of the users. In addition to this problem, there is often an ill-defined borderline confusion over what internal workers should be able to do with the resources they have in organizations. The mix between strictly professional use and personal use can be problematic in organization's security context. Define organizations security policies, understand user' behaviours, act effectively over security incidents and promote users' organizational security culture, by a pedagogical approach seems to us to be a necessary advance in security frameworks nowadays. This paper presents a reflection on the aspects of internal security of Local Area Networks and proposes a conceptual security framework, which aims to contribute to an effective control and understanding of LANs user' behaviour, to a real-time response to unwanted occurrences but, especially, to a pedagogical approach to help the development of users' security culture.