Abstract
In the 2005 Portuguese Parliament General Elections there were non-valid experiments of e-voting at five voting places and also through the Internet. Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto audited such experiments. Relevant security, transparency, usability and accessibility evaluation criteria and sub-criteria were defined, and an auditing procedure based on AHP was established. This paper shortly presents the methodology used, the four e-voting systems and the main results of the overall experiment. The systems could be used successfully and were extremely popular with voters. However, more information to the citizens and to the officials involved in the e-voting process would be required for a valid election. The systems also need to be improved, for instance, to make sure that the number of votes electronically cast is the same as the number of voters that were validated and actually registered to vote at any particular site on the Election Day.

Abstract

Abstract
The incorrect behaviour of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) can compromise the effective use of the overall software application. One way to discover defects and increase the quality of GUIs is through testing. Test cases can be created manually or produced automatically from a model of the GUI. The size and complexity of GUIs makes it unpractical to do extensive manual testing. However, creating a model of the GUI in order to generate automatically test cases is also a laborious task. This paper presents a reverse engineering approach for diminishing the effort required for constructing the model of an existing GUI. The GUI is exercised by a combination of manual and automatic exploration, and information about its structure and some of its behaviour is automatically extracted, resulting in an incomplete GUI model. This model is subsequently completed manually, validated and used as input for automatic test generation and execution.

Abstract
This paper presents an approach to domain models validation with customers, end users and other stakeholders. From an early system model that represents the main domain (or business) entities in a UML class diagram, with classes, relationships, attributes and constraints, it is automatically generated an interactive form-based application prototype supporting the basic CRUD operations (create, retrieve, update and delete). The generated form-based user interface provides some features that are derived from the model's constraints and increase the prototype usability. This prototype allows the early validation of core system models, and can also be used as a basis for subsequent developments. The prototype generation process follows a model-driven development approach: the domain model, conforming to a defined domain meta-model, is first transformed to an application model, conforming to a defined application meta-model, based on a set of transformation rules; then a generator for a specific platform produces the executable files (currently, XUL and RDF files).

Abstract
The model-driven automatic generation of interactive applications has been addressed by some research projects, but only few propose the model-to-model generation of a graphical user interface (UT). Existing solutions generate only part of the interactive application and most of them require as input the full specification of a UT model. This paper proposes an iterative and incremental approach that enables the modeler to generate a form-based executable prototype from the constructed models, favouring an evolutionary construction of models starting with a domain model, proceeding with an extended domain model and finally complementing it with a use case model. The approach derives a UI model from the previously referred models and allows its execution by generating an executable description of the UT in a XML-based UT description language, together with code for the specified logic and for persisting the data entities. The generated UI description may be further refined and supplemented with style definitions in order to obtain a final UT.

Abstract