Abstract
This paper addresses Wireless Networks for Metropolitan Transports (WNMT), a class of moving or vehicle-to-infrastructure networks that may be used by public transportation systems to provide broadband access to their vehicles, stops, and passengers. We propose the WiMetroNet, a WNMT that is auto-configurable and scalable. It is based on a new Ad hoc routing protocol, the Wireless Metropolitan Routing Protocol (WMRP), which, coupled with data plane optimizations, was designed to be scalable to thousands of nodes. © 2010 IEEE.

Abstract
Future public transportation systems will provide broadband access to passengers, carrying legacy terminals with 802.11 connectivity. Passengers will be able to communicate with the Internet and with each other, while connected to 802.11 Access Points deployed in vehicles and bus stops/metro stations, and without requiring special mobility or routing protocols to run in their terminals. Existing solutions, such as 802.11s and OLSR, are not efficient and do not scale to large networks, thereby requiring the network to be segmented in many small areas, causing the terminals to change IP address when moving between areas. This paper presents WiMetroNet, a large mesh network of mobile routers (Rbridges) operating at layer 2.5 over heterogeneous wireless technologies. This architecture contains an efficient user plane that optimizes the transport of DHCP and ARP traffic, and provides a transparent terminal mobility solution using techniques that minimize the routing overhead for large networks. We offer two techniques to reduce routing overhead associated with terminal mobility. One approach is based on TTL-limited flooding of a routing message and on the concept of forwarding packets only to the vicinity of the last known location of the terminal, and then forward the packets to a new location of the terminal. The other technique lets the network remain unaware for a very long time that the terminal has moved; only when packets arrive at the old PoA does the PoA send back a "binding update" message to the correspondent node, to correct the route for future packets for the same terminal. Simulation and analytical results are presented, and the routing protocol is shown to scale to large networks with good user plane results, namely packet delivery rate, delay, and handover interruption time.

Abstract
The paper presents an end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) architecture suitable for IP communications scenarios that include UMTS access networks. The rationale for the architecture is justified and its main features are described, notably the QoS management functions on the terminal equipment, the mapping between IP and UMTS QoS parameters and the negotiation of these parameters.

Abstract
The paper presents the architecture of an UNITS terminal equipment optimised for IP based communications and describes the traffic control mechanisms required for supporting emerging 3G services.