Abstract
Many organizations find the emerging concept of the Digital Twin (DT) to be compelling as a potential means to reduce the time and cost to develop new products, support fielded products, and enable rapid innovation to respond to new market opportunities. However, realizing the full potential of a DT may require significant changes in the methods, processes, and tools for product development and support currently used by potential adopters in the organization. We introduce an approach for assessing the behaviors and capabilities of the DT and their relationships within the organization's sociotechnical system. We believe this approach can enable DT implementation outcomes better aligned with the organization's strategic goals and objectives, and help to clarify not only what the DT can do, but what it should do for the organization. The approach is explained using an illustrative case study example, which is based on interim progress of our ongoing research project.

Abstract
Risk assessment is a theme of large spectrum applied in different fields. In the context of Virtual / Collaborative Enterprises there are several risks whose assessment should be aware to avoid undesirable consequences either for entire networked or for a partner in particular. The objective of this work is centered on the creation of a framework / guidelines to serve as a basis for the creation of a better risk assessment model for Virtual / Collaborative Enterprises. This work analyzed the few models available in the literature and identified some gaps that were used to purpose complementary guidelines for the design and / or improve the future risk assessment models. The pointed guidelines covered three important topics: risk factors; assessment methods; and the impact in different life cycle phases of a Virtual / Collaborative Enterprise. Considering the results of the work it is our conviction that there is space to improve the research in this field and a more robust and flexible risk assessment model should be developed. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
This paper presents a Cyber Physical System (CPS) laboratory based on Open Design, called Open Science Laboratory for Manufacturing (OSLab4Man), with educational and research purpose and the potential contribute and (direct and indirect) effects regarding the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A short introduction describing the 17 SDG, the education for sustainability role, and the relevance of the framed CPS. A literature review of CPS laboratories that are addressed to sustainability is presented. The OSLab4Man is describe in the educational purpose lens. Then, the contribute of the OSLab4Man as an education tool for sustainability regarding the 17 SDGs is reflected. Finally, the conclusions of this work and future works are highlighted.

Abstract
Purpose: The study purpose was to analyse the excellence and operational efficiency of Portuguese industrial companies through the measurement of lean practices implementation. Additionally, it intended to propose a new model to assess the lean production system. Design/methodology/approach: The research presents an in-depth lean literature review that served as a basis for the creation of a questionnaire. The survey was addressed to Portuguese industrial companies to obtain data about their lean implementation success. Collected data were analysed, resorting descriptive and exploratory statistics. A principal component analysis was applied to reduce the amount of data and define a new model that characterizes the lean practices adoption level. Some Chi-square tests were used to assess the independence of some variables. Findings: The results indicate that a significant percentage of organizations use lean practices within their activity. Concerning the lean implementation maturity, a plus side revealed by the study concerns the adoption of the teamwork, internal information shared principles, increase of process capability to produce conforming products, and reduction in set up times. On the other hand, responsibilities decentralization, more employees acting as team leaders, implementation of employees' suggestions, and interconnection with suppliers, are some of the principles that need to be given greater attention by the Portuguese industrial organizations. The key contribution consists of a new model for lean determinants based on three dimensions: work method, productive process elements, and work efficiency. Originality/value: The present research provides a new Lean determinants model that allows understanding the importance of the operational efficiency provided by a mature lean production system, being the key to the competitiveness in the global business market.

Abstract
The industry 4.0 revolution provides the machines with a sen-sory and communicational capacity, which allows them to mo-nitor and collect large amounts of information. This kind of data have an impact on planning, maintenance, and management of production, enabling real time reaction, efficiency increase, and the development of predictive and process improvement models. The most recent machines are prepared to communicate with the existing monitoring systems, however, many (around 60%) do not. The objective of this work is to present the proposal of a sys-tem for remote monitoring of equipment in real time that meets the requirements of low cost, simplicity, and flexibility. The system monitors the equipment in a simple and agile way, regardless of its sophistication, installation constraints and company resources. A prototype of a system was developed and tested both labo-ratory conditions and a productive environment. The proposed ar-chitecture of the system comprises of a sensor that transmits the machine's signal wirelessly to a gateway which is responsible of collecting all surrounding signals and send it to the cloud. During the testing and assessment of the tools, the results validated the developed prototype. As main result, the proposed solution offers to the industrial market a new low-cost monitoring system based in mature and tested technology laid upon flexible and scalable solutions.

Abstract
The selection of the resources system (SRS) is an important element in the integration/project of Agile/Virtual Enterprises (A/V E) because its performance is dependent of this selection, and even of its creation. However, it remains a difficult matter to solve because is still a very complex and uncertain problem. We propose that using Value Analysis (VA) in the pre-selection of resources phase represents a significant improvement of the SRS process. The current literature fails to formally address the pre-selection phase and none of the resource selection models incorporate the resources value and its consequence in the complexity of the selection process. Whereby, ours developed model with VA constitutes an innovative approach towards greater sustainability in the configuration of A/V E in the context of Industry 4.0, where a massive interconnection among enterprises is expected and consequently the increase of the selection process complexity. After the construction of a demonstrator tool for a set of the problem formulations, this paper verifies by computational results the thesis regarding the benefits of applying VA to the SRS process: VA reduces the complexity of the SRS process, even ensuring that the final system of resources achieve higher quality/value grade.