Abstract
In this article the application of the discrete version of the bat algorithm to flowshop scheduling problems is presented and compared with Simulated Annealing, Local Search, as well as versions of each that start from constructive heuristics (Palmer and CDS). Bat algorithm is a novel metaheuristic, developed for continuous problems that has shown exceptional results. This paper intends to assess its effectiveness and efficiency for discrete problems when compared with other optimization techniques, including Simulated Annealing and Local Search, whose results are already proven. First, it was developed a literature review about those algorithms, then they were implemented in VBA with Microsoft Excel. Once implemented, the parameterization was carried out, ensuring an adequate application of the algorithms before they can be compared. Then, the methods were applied for 30 normally distributed instances, in order to draw broader conclusions. Finally, a statistical evaluation was carried out and concluded the inferiority of the Local Search in relation to the metaheuristics and the superiority of the hybrid version of the Bat Algorithm with CDS in relation to Simulated Annealing, with significantly better solutions, in an equal computation time. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
Meta-heuristics are some of the best-known techniques to approach hard optimization problems, however, there are still questions about what makes some meta-heuristics better than others in a specific problem. This paper presents an analysis of the Firefly and Cuckoo Search Algorithm, such as others meta-heuristics. In order to assess the performance of the Firefly Algorithm and the Cuckoo Search Algorithm, they were compared with other well-known optimization techniques, such as Simulated Annealing and Local Search. Both meta-heuristics analysed in an in-depth computational study, reaching the conclusion that both techniques could be useful in Scheduling Problems and lead to satisfactory solutions quickly and efficiently. Moreover, the results of the analysis show that the Firefly Algorithm, despite having a high runtime, performs better than the other techniques. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
In the last few years, the industrial, scientific, and technological fields have been subject to a revolutionary process of digitalization and automation called Industry 4.0. Its implementation has been successful mainly in the economic field of sustainability, while the environmental field has been gaining more attention from researchers recently. However, the social scope of Industry 4.0 is still somewhat neglected by researchers and organizations. This research aimed to study Industry 4.0 and sustainability themes using data science, by incorporating open data and open-source tools to achieve sustainable Industry 4.0. To that end, a quantitative analysis based on open data was developed using open-source software in order to study Industry 4.0 and sustainability trends. The main results show that manufacturing is a relevant value-added activity in the worldwide economy; that, foreseeing the importance of Industry 4.0, countries in America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania are incorporating technological principles of Industry 4.0 in their cities, creating so-called smart cities; and that the industries that invest most in technology are computers and electronics, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, and IT (information technology) services. Furthermore, the G7 countries have a prevalent positive trend for the migration of technological and social skills toward sustainability, as it relates to the social pillar, and to Industry 4.0. Finally, on the global scale, a positive correlation between data openness and happiness was found.

Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic required swift adaptations within public spaces, particularly in view of the uncertainties enveloping the transmission dynamics of the virus. Among the prominently contacted surfaces, door handles have garnered significant attention in research efforts aiming to curtail transmission risks. A notable proposition emerged to obviate the necessity of direct physical contact with handles, thereby introducing a novel approach. Thus, the manufacturing modality of three-dimensional (3D) printing was naturally embraced, primarily attributable to its expeditious prototyping capabilities. Although the extant literature and the open-source community have proffered diverse panaceas, this inquiry embarked on rectifying certain inadequacies that had afflicted antecedent methodologies. Elaborate exposition is provided pertaining to the progression of the developmental trajectory and the concomitant design refinements. In a bid to substantiate the efficaciousness of the produced solution, the finite element analysis (FEA) was judiciously employed to assess two distinct loading scenarios: during the installation phase and the subsequent operation of the contrivance. The empirical findings manifest the commendable load tolerance, with the proposed solution being capable of withstand forces exceeding 15 N. Furthermore, even under the most adverse circumstances, the device evinced a maximal displacement of 15 mm. Collectively, the corollaries borne out of this scholarly investigation corroborate the efficacy, utilitarian functionality, and ergonomic viabilities of the proposed solutions and manufacturing process. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

Abstract
This paper explores the problem of sectorization of a parcel delivery service that wants to assign an action region to each of its teams, regarding the number of deliveries scheduled for each zone, so that there is a balanced service amongst sectors, covering contiguous zones, and considering limited capacities for the teams. Besides being relatively easy to model, the available optimization tools and software provide poor results when dimension increases in these types of problems, with computational capacity exceeding. In this paper an integer programming model, combined with an heuristic to return a faster solution, was implemented to solve a sectorization problem in two different situations. The main advantage of the strategy proposed, compared to previous ones, is its simplicity and easy implementation while still returning an optimal solution. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of information sharing and data interoperability in a B2B context. Therefore, this paper presents a case study on the scope of data-sharing in collaborative networks in an industrial cluster. It explores the feasibility of International Data Spaces in the context of the footwear industry cluster. This work also discusses how the adoption of digital processes might contribute to support data-based management to optimize the production planning of a footwear industry. As a result, it is defined and specified the foundations for the development and implementation of an dataspace oriented IIoT architecture, following a fully compliant Industry 4.0 solution for the footwear industry cluster. This paper discusses the problem of information sharing and data interoperability in a B2B context. Therefore, this paper presents a case study on the scope of data-sharing in collaborative networks in an industrial cluster. It explores the feasibility of International Data Spaces in the context of the footwear industry cluster. This work also discusses how the adoption of digital processes might contribute to support data-based management to optimize the production planning of a footwear industry. As a result, it is defined and specified the foundations for the development and implementation of an dataspace oriented IIoT architecture, following a fully compliant Industry 4.0 solution for the footwear industry cluster.