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Publications

Publications by CITE

2024

The spatial location choices of newly created firms in the creative industries

Authors
Cruz, SS; Teixeira, AAC;

Publication
CREATIVE INDUSTRIES JOURNAL

Abstract
The literature on the economics of location regarding creative activities is relatively scarce. Estimations, based on 369 newly created firms operating in creative industries in Portugal, which incorporate spatial effects of neighbouring regions in the location choices, yield the following results: (i) the concentration of creative and knowledge-based activities play an important role in location decisions of new creative establishments; (ii) creative firms tend to favour a diversified industrial tissue and related variety, in order to enjoy from inter-sectorial synergies; (iii) high education at a regional level has a highly significant, positive effect on location decisions, while lower educational levels of human capital negatively affect those decisions; (iv) tolerant/open environments attract creative activities; (v) creative firms tend to favour municipalities where the stock of knowledge and conditions for innovative activity are higher; (vi) municipality's attributes are more important in terms of firms' location decisions than the characteristics of nearby regions.

2024

Do refugee inflows contribute to the host countries' entrepreneurial rates? A dynamic panel data analysis, 2000-2019

Authors
Noorbakhsh, S; Teixeira, AAC;

Publication
JOURNAL OF ENTERPRISING COMMUNITIES-PEOPLE AND PLACES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

Abstract
PurposeThis study aims to estimate the impact of refugee inflows on host countries' entrepreneurial rates. The refugee crisis led to an increased scientific and public policy interest in the impact of refugee inflows on host countries. One important perspective of such an impact, which is still underexplored, is the impact of refugee inflows on host countries entrepreneurial rates. Given the high number of refugees that flow to some countries, it would be valuable to assess the extent to which such countries are likely to reap the benefits from increasing refugee inflows in terms of (native and non-native) entrepreneurial talent enhancement. Design/methodology/approachResorting to dynamic (two-step system generalized method of moments) panel data estimations, based on 186 countries over the period between 2000 and 2019, this study estimates the impact of refugee inflows on host countries' entrepreneurial rates, measured by the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) rate and the self-employment rate. FindingsIn general, higher refugee inflows are associated with lower host countries' TEA rates. However, refugee inflows significantly foster self-employment rates of medium-high and high income host countries and host countries located in Africa. These results suggest that refugee inflows tend to enhance necessity related new ventures and/ or new ventures (from native and non-native population) operating in low value-added, low profit sectors. Originality/valueThis study constitutes a novel empirical contribution by providing a macroeconomic, quantitative assessment of the impact of refugee from distinct nationalities on a diverse set of host countries' entrepreneurship rates in the past two decades resorting to dynamic panel data models, which enable to address the heterogeneity of the countries and deal with the endogeneity of the variables of the model.

2024

Research output and economic growth in technological laggard contexts: a longitudinal analysis (1980-2019) by type of research

Authors
Pinto, T; Teixeira, AAC;

Publication
SCIENTOMETRICS

Abstract
The literature on the impact of research output (RO) on economic growth (EG) has been rapidly expanding. However, the single growth processes of technological laggard countries and the mediating roles of human capital (HC) and structural change have been overlooked. Based on cointegration analyses and Granger causality tests over 40 years (1980-2019) for Portugal, five results are worth highlighting: (1) in the short run, RO is critical to promote EG; (2) the long run relation between RO and EG is more complex, being positive and significant in the case of global and research fields that resemble capital goods (Life, Physical, Engineering & Technology, and Social Sciences), and negative in the case of research fields that resemble final goods (Clinical & Pre-Clinical Health, and Arts & Humanities); (3) existence of important short run mismatches between HC and scientific production, with the former mitigating the positive impact of the latter on EG; (4) in the long run, such mismatches are only apparent for 'general' HC (years of schooling of the population 25 + years), with the positive association between RO and EG being enhanced by increases in 'specialized' HC (number of R&D researchers); (5) structural change processes favouring industry amplify the positive (long-run) association and (short-run) impact of RO on EG. Such results robustly suggest that even in technologically laggard contexts, scientific production is critical for economic growth, especially when aligned with changes in sectoral composition that favour industry.

2024

Does the underdog theory of entrepreneurship apply to refugees? Scrutinizing the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions of refugees in Portugal

Authors
Noorbakhsh, S; Teixeira, AC; Brochado, A;

Publication
JOURNAL OF ENTERPRISING COMMUNITIES-PEOPLE AND PLACES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

Abstract
PurposeRefugee entrepreneurship is increasingly viewed as a silver bullet being able to promote host countries' economic performance and enable the successful integration of refugees. This study aims to identify the main determinants of entrepreneurial intentions of refugees in Portugal based on the underdog theory.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors scrutinize the entrepreneurial intentions of refugees living in Portugal, an overlooked context, using a purpose-built inquiry responded to by 41 refugees and resorting to fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, complemented with partial least squares path modeling.FindingsSome important results are worth highlighting: the entrepreneurial intentions of the respondent sample of refugees living in Portugal are high; the theoretical arguments underlying the underdog or challenge-based entrepreneurship theory are validated in the context of the respondent sample; and psychological related factors associated with the more standard explanations of entrepreneurial intentions constitute necessary conditions for high refugee entrepreneurial intentions.Originality/valueEntrepreneurial intentions to launch a business have been discussed in the entrepreneurship literature vastly, but it has not yet received much attention when focusing on refugees, often identified as underdogs (potential) entrepreneurs. This study contributes to the literature by testing the challenge-based entrepreneurship theory to identify the primary factors influencing refugee entrepreneurial intentions.

2024

An Overview of Explainable Artificial Intelligence in the Industry 4.0 Context

Authors
Teixeira P.; Amorim E.V.; Nagel J.; Filipe V.;

Publication
Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant evolution in recent years that, if properly harnessed, may meet or exceed expectations in a wide range of application fields. However, because Machine Learning (ML) models have a black-box structure, end users frequently seek explanations for the predictions made by these learning models. Through tools, approaches, and algorithms, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) gives descriptions of black-box models to better understand the models’ behaviour and underlying decision-making mechanisms. The AI development in companies enables them to participate in Industry 4.0. The need to inform users of transparent algorithms has given rise to the research field of XAI. This paper provides a brief overview and introduction to the subject of XAI while highlighting why this topic is generating more and more attention in many sectors, such as industry.

2024

Employment and wage dynamics in the electricity sector: Evidence from Portugal 2002-2020

Authors
Alvarelha, A; Resende, J; Carneiro, A;

Publication
ENERGY ECONOMICS

Abstract
Exploring a rich administrative matched employer -employee longitudinal dataset over the 2002-2020 period and a task -based approach, this study investigates to what extent the recent paradigm shift in the electricity sector has affected the structure of employment and wages in the Portuguese case. Our results show that the liberalization in the sector led to the entry of new players and firms' downsizing of the workforce, most notably in occupations involving routine cognitive tasks and non -routine manual tasks. In two decades, the employment share of occupations involving non -routine cognitive tasks (abstract or interactive) doubled, from 29.7% in 2002 to 58.1% in 2020. Regarding wage premiums, the results reveal a clear positive trend in real hourly wages for all types of occupations in the sector. However, we observe a lower wage growth acceleration for workers employed in routine (cognitive or manual) occupations, when compared with similar workers employed in non -routine occupations (cognitive or manual). Our findings are partly consistent with the skill -biased and routine -biased technological change hypotheses in the sense that we observe, respectively, a skill up -grading translated into an increase in employment share in non -routine cognitive occupations and a substantial decline in employment share in routine cognitive occupations.

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