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Publications

Publications by Luis Miguel Pinho

2015

Semi-Partitioned Scheduling of Fork-Join Tasks using Work-Stealing

Authors
Maia, C; Yomsi, PM; Nogueira, L; Pinho, LM;

Publication
PROCEEDINGS IEEE/IFIP 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMBEDDED AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING 2015

Abstract
This paper explores the behavior of parallel forkjoin tasks on multicore platforms by resorting to a semi-partitioned scheduling model. This model offers a promising framework to embedded systems which are subject to stringent timing constraints as it provides these systems with very interesting properties. The proposed approach consists of two stages-an offline stage and an online stage. During the offline stage, a multi-frame task model is adopted to perform the forkjoin task-to-core mapping so as to improve the schedulability and the performance of the system, and during the online stage, work-stealing is exploited among cores to improve the system responsiveness as well as to balance the execution workload. The objective of this work is twofold: (1) to provide an alternative technique that takes advantage of the semi-partitioned scheduling properties by offering the possibility to accommodate forkjoin tasks that cannot be scheduled in any pure partitioned environment, and (2) to reduce the migration overhead which has shown to be a traditional major source of non-determinism in global approaches. The simulation results show an improvement of the proposed approach over the state-of-the-art of up to 15% of the average response-time per task set.

2015

Generalized Extraction of Real-Time Parameters for Homogeneous Synchronous Dataflow Graphs

Authors
Ali, HI; Akesson, B; Pinho, LM;

Publication
23RD EUROMICRO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL, DISTRIBUTED, AND NETWORK-BASED PROCESSING (PDP 2015)

Abstract
Many embedded multi-core systems incorporate both dataflow applications with timing constraints and traditional real-time applications. Applying real-time scheduling techniques on such systems provides real-time guarantees that all running applications will execute safely without violating their deadlines. However, to apply traditional real-time scheduling techniques on such mixed systems, a unified model to represent both types of applications running on the system is required. Several earlier works have addressed this problem and solutions have been proposed that address acyclic graphs, implicit-deadline models or are able to extract timing parameters considering specific scheduling algorithms. In this paper, we present an algorithm for extracting real-time parameters (offsets, deadlines and periods) that are independent of the schedulability analysis, other applications running in the system, and the specific platform. The proposed algorithm: 1) enables applying traditional real-time schedulers and analysis techniques on cyclic or acyclic Homogeneous Synchronous Dataflow (HSDF) applications with periodic sources, 2) captures overlapping iterations, which is a main characteristic of the execution of dataflow applications, 3) provides a method to assign offsets and individual deadlines for HSDF actors, and 4) is compatible with widely used deadline assignment techniques, such as NORM and PURE. The paper proves the correctness of the proposed algorithm through formal proofs and examples.

2015

Investigation on AUTOSAR-Compliant Solutions for Many-Core Architectures

Authors
Becker, M; Dasari, D; Nelis, V; Behnam, M; Pinho, LM; Nolte, T;

Publication
2015 EUROMICRO CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN (DSD)

Abstract
As of today, AUTOSAR is the de facto standard in the automotive industry, providing a common software architecture and development process for automotive applications. While this standard is originally written for singlecore operated Electronic Control Units (ECU), new guidelines and recommendations have been added recently to provide support for multicore architectures. This update came as a response to the steady increase of the number and complexity of the software functions embedded in modern vehicles, which call for the computing power of multicore execution environments. In this paper, we enumerate and analyze the design options and the challenges of porting AUTOSAR-based automotive applications onto multicore platforms. In particular, we investigate those options when considering the emerging many-core architectures that provide a more scalable environment than the traditional multicore systems. Such platforms are suitable to enable massive parallel execution, and their design is more suitable for partitioning and isolating the software components.

2015

A Multi-DAG Model for Real-Time Parallel Applications with Conditional Execution

Authors
Fonseca, JC; Nelis, V; Raravi, G; Pinho, LM;

Publication
30TH ANNUAL ACM SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED COMPUTING, VOLS I AND II

Abstract
Owing to the current trends for higher performance and the ever growing availability of multiprocessors in the embedded computing (EC) domain, there is nowadays a strong push towards the parallelization of modern embedded applications. Several real-time task models have recently been proposed to capture different forms of parallelism. However, they do not deal explicitly with control flow information as they assume that all the threads of a parallel task must execute every time the task is activated. In contrast, in this paper, we present a multi-DAG model where each task is characterized by a set of execution flows, each of which represents a different execution path throughout the task code and is modeled as a DAG of sub-tasks. We propose a two-step solution that computes a single synchronous DAG of servers for a task modeled by a multi-DAG and show that these servers are able to supply every execution flow of that task with the required cpu-budget so that the task can execute entirely, irrespective of the execution flow taken at run-time, while satisfying its precedence constraints. As a result, each task can be modeled by its single DAG of servers, which facilitates in leveraging the existing single-DAG schedulability analyses techniques for analyzing the schedulability of parallel tasks with multiple execution flows.

2016

The variability of application execution times on a multi-core platform

Authors
Nélis, V; Yomsi, PM; Pinho, LM;

Publication
OpenAccess Series in Informatics

Abstract
It is a known fact that processes running concurrently on different cores in a multicore environment interfere with each other on the processor shared resources. The contention on these shared resources considerably slows down the execution on every core since sometimes the cores must stall while their requests to access the resources are being served. But by how much the execution may be slowed down due to this interference? In this paper we answer this question with numbers coming from experimentation. That is, we quantify the magnitude of the impact of the interference on the execution time by running programs taken from the TACLeBench benchmark suite, a popular benchmark suite in the real-time research community, on the first generation of Kalray manycore processor family, the MPPA-256 (the development board) that goes by the codename "Andey". © Vincent Nélis, Patrick Meumeu Yomsi and Luís Miguel Pinho.

2016

DYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF INFILL MANSORY WALLS: IN-SITU AMBIENT VIBRATION TESTS

Authors
Pinho, M; Furtado, A; Rodrigues, H; Arede, A; Varum, H;

Publication
IRF2016: 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE INTEGRITY-RELIABILITY-FAILURE

Abstract
The present research work presents an experimental campaign of ambient vibration tests performed on twenty infill masonry walls from two buildings under construction and from another existent building. The main objective is to evaluate the influence of the boundary conditions, geometric dimensions, presence of openings with different dimensions as well as the existence of grooves along the wall for the installation of electrical cables, in the out-of-plane main frequencies of the infill walls tested. In the paper, it is presented a detailed description of the studied buildings, testing setups, equipment used, and further information regarding the walls tested. The main test results are presented and discussed.

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