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Publications

Publications by CPES

2022

Using Virtual Choreographies to Identify Office Users' Behaviors to Target Behavior Change Based on Their Potential to Impact Energy Consumption

Authors
Cassola, F; Morgado, L; Coelho, A; Paredes, H; Barbosa, A; Tavares, H; Soares, F;

Publication
ENERGIES

Abstract
Reducing office buildings' energy consumption can contribute significantly towards carbon reduction commitments since it represents similar to 40% of total energy consumption. Major components of this are lighting, electrical equipment, heating, and central cooling systems. Solid evidence demonstrates that individual occupants' behaviors impact these energy consumption components. In this work, we propose the methodology of using virtual choreographies to identify and prioritize behavior-change interventions for office users based on the potential impact of specific behaviors on energy consumption. We studied the energy-related office behaviors of individuals by combining three sources of data: direct observations, electricity meters, and computer logs. Data show that there are behaviors with significant consumption impact but with little potential for behavioral change, while other behaviors have substantial potential for lowering energy consumption via behavioral change.

2022

Using Virtual Choreographies to Identify Office Users’ Behaviour-Change Priorities with Greater Impact Potential on Energy Consumption

Authors
Cassola, F; Morgado, L; Coelho, A; Paredes, H; Barbosa, A; Tavares, H; Soares, F;

Publication

Abstract
Reducing office buildings’ energy consumption can contribute significantly towards carbon reduction commitments since it represents 10% of total energy consumption. Major components are lighting (40% of consumption), electrical equipment (35%), and heating and central cooling systems (25\%). Occupants’ behaviours impact these energy consumption components, with solid evidence on the role of individual behaviours. In this work, we propose a methodology that uses virtual choreographies to identify and prioritize behaviour-change interventions towards office users based on the potential impact on energy consumption. The data shows that some behaviours with significant consumption have little potential for behavioural change impact, while other behaviours hold substantial potential for lowering energy consumption via behavioural change.

2022

Requirements for New Grid Codes: A Review in Spain & Portugal

Authors
Villena Ruiz, R; Silva, B; Honrubia Escribano, A; Gómez Lázaro, E;

Publication
Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal

Abstract
To continue to make successful progress towards the achievement of net zero emissions by 2050, a significant number of new facilities based on renewable technologies must continue to be deployed at large scale. However, the integration of large capacities of renewable generation sources into power systems leads to a series of challenges that must be urgently addressed. On the one hand, the intermittent character of renewable resources may lead to imbalances between generation and demand curves, and on the other hand, transmission and distribution system operators will have to carefully consider the impact of reduced power system inertia due to the increase in the number of renewable power plants. Under this framework, stricter technical requirements will be demanded to new power plants that will be integrated into the grid to guarantee quality of electricity supply. These requirements are included within increasingly modern and up-to-date network connection-or grid-codes. Thus, grid codes have a significant role to play in the years to come towards the transition of a more sustainable future, and therefore this paper presents an overview of two grid codes for connecting new generation units across Europe, focusing on the current situation of Iberia. A special emphasis is given on the detailing of certain grid code requirements based on a comparison between the Portuguese and the Spanish grid codes, together with few highlights on the operational procedures for connecting new generation units on both regions. © 2022, European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ). All rights reserved.

2022

Greater than the sum: On regulating innovation in electricity distribution networks with externalities

Authors
Marques, V; Costa, PM; Bento, N;

Publication
UTILITIES POLICY

Abstract
To modernize distribution networks and enable the energy transition, we need to understand the most appro-priate regulatory approach. A set of new technologies with positive externalities challenge the traditional reg-ulatory models. We develop a decision model to assess firms' incentives to invest in new technologies under different regulatory schemes that consider externality effects. Results show that regulatory schemes under which companies retain the gains (or losses) of achieving (or not) efficiency targets more effectively promote inno-vation investments that reduce network costs. However, a case-by-case approach should be preferred for tech-nologies whose benefits go mostly beyond the network activities.

2022

Improvement of Steady State Performance of Voltage Control in Switched Reluctance Generator: Experimental Validation

Authors
Touati, Z; Pereira, M; Araujo, RE; Khedher, A;

Publication
MACHINES

Abstract
This paper presents a voltage control approach to a Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) using a Proportional Integral (PI) controller. The principle of operation is described and the considerations in the design of controller are discussed. A current loop transfer function of an SRG with power converter has been systematically derived in order to obtain a small-signal model for the generator. The generated voltage is controlled by manipulation of the setpoint of the current control of the generator. The entire voltage loop controller and current control have been simulated and tested with a 250 W SRG prototype. The control law of the control system was implemented on a digital signal processor (TMS320F28379D). To verify the feasibility of the proposed voltage control, the performances are evaluated by numerical simulations and experimental tests with an 8/6 SRG for different rotational speeds and resistive loads. Experimental results demonstrate that the DC output voltage from SRG can be controlled well using a simple linear controller.

2022

Integration of Switched Reluctance Generator in a Wind Energy Conversion System: An Overview of the State of the Art and Challenges

Authors
Touati, Z; Pereira, M; Araujo, RE; Khedher, A;

Publication
ENERGIES

Abstract
This paper presents a technical overview for Switched Reluctance Generators (SRG) in Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) applications. Several topics are discussed, such as the main structures and topologies for SRG converters in WECS, and the optimization control methods to improve the operational efficiency of SRGs in wind power generation systems. A comprehensive overview including the main characteristics of each SRG converter topology and control techniques were discussed. The analysis presented can also serve as a foundation for more advanced versions of SRG control techniques, providing a necessary basis to spur more and, above all, motivate the younger researchers to study magnetless electric machines, and pave the way for higher growth of wind generators based on SRGs.

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