Abstract
Power systems will face important structural changes in the near future due to the empowerment of consumers, who may resort on self-consumption, and reduce their purchases of electricity from the grid. The avoided costs of purchasing energy, as compared to the investment costs of installing their own self-generation capacity, could be one of the drivers of the consumers' decision making. The system expansion will therefore result from the interaction of the traditional market agents, maximizing their profits by investing in and operating centralized generation assets, and the new active consumers, minimizing their expenses while meeting their energy needs. This paper presents a Nash equilibrium model that considers centralized and behind-the-meter distributed generation expansion, by representing the operation and investments decisions of both types of agents with their own conceptually different strategies. To simplify the resolution, the equilibrium model is transformed into an equivalent minimization problem from its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. The model application to Spain-like system case example allows to assess the impact of the network access-tariff (whether being mainly volumetric-based or power-based) and the impact of the big industrial market power on the generation expansion, for the time horizon 2019-2037.

Abstract
The way plastics are currently produced, used and disposed does not capture the economic benefits of amore 'circular' approach and is dramatically harming the environment. It is relevant to determine which European countries can be considered more or less efficient in the end-of-life of plastic products processes, what the sources of the inefficiencies are, and howthose less efficient countries could improve their performance towards a more circular economy. Although some countries have developed a variety of quantitative indicators, there is scarcity of adequate metrics for performance measurements. This paper estimates the efficiency of 26 European countries in the context of Circular Economy, for the period 2006-2016, considering the generation of waste, recovery and recycling of plastic, with a methodology based on theMultidirectional Efficiency Analysis. Apart from identifying the most efficient countries in the studied period, results show that efficiency increases for most countries with time, and that many countries reach the full efficiency by the end of the study period, and especially by 2016. Input analysis shows that increasing capital seems to be a main driver towards efficiency, since the other inputs are used with a similar efficiency by most countries. Output analysis suggest that the difference among countries efficiency is not in their reduction of total waste or emissions, but rather in the improvement of their economic growth in a circular way, that is, improving GDP but also the recovering and recycling activities. These results could be useful to design policies towards a more efficient and circular use of plastics.

Abstract
It is expected that demand response might provide soon ancillary services to the power system. This could be done, for example, by managing the use of Electric Vehicles (EV) batteries, or the production of flexible energy commodities such as hydrogen (H-2), that can be used for fuel cell vehicles (H2EV) or in industrial processes. This paper analyses the impact of a transition to H2EV as an alternative to EV for passengers' cars on a Spanish-like power sector. A simple H-2 demand estimation is developed and provided to CEVESA, an operation and expansion model for the Iberian Power System Electricity Market (MIBEL). For this study, CEVESA was extended to include the investments and operation decisions of H-2 production. Simulations were performed to determine the optimal evolution of the H-2 production capacity and of the electricity generation mix, considering scenarios with different shares of EV and H2EV. The impact of H2EV vs EV mobility is assessed based on the recent Spanish National Plan for Energy and Climate (NECP) as the base case scenario. Results show that, even if H2EV mobility alternative is still more costly than EV, H-2 production could provide a significant flexibility to the system that should also be appraised. Indeed, H2EV mobility could become a feasible and complementary alternative to decarbonize mobility by powering H-2 production with the renewable generation surplus. This, together with the on-going learning process of this technology that will decrease its production costs and increase its efficiency in the coming years, could boost, even more, the development of the H-2 economy.

Abstract
This work proposes a mathematical linear programming model that addresses the food provisioning problem of the food bank of Madrid. It aims to determine the most appropriate weekly decisions to meet the macro-nutritional requirements of the beneficiaries of this social service, by minimizing the total cost considering third-party donations. The model has been applied to a realistic case study considering a sociological structure of beneficiaries categorized by age and gender and representing the first decile of incomes of the Spanish population. The demand of macronutrients is satisfied by means of nine different groups of food, used to provide some level of variability in the consumption patterns of the beneficiaries. The results provide insight on cost-cutting opportunities related to centralizing the decision-making process, indicating a 10% reduction both in provisioning costs and food quantities. This suggests that the proposed model might serve as a tool for designing new strategies for the provisioning or evaluation of economic and social support policies for the food bank of Madrid.

Abstract
In order to avoid voltage problems derived from the connection of large amounts of renewable-based generation to the electrical distribution system, new advanced tools need to be developed that are able to exploit the presence of Distributed Energy Resources (DER). This paper describes the approach proposed for a predictive voltage control algorithm to be used in Low Voltage (LV) distribution networks in order to make use of available flexibilities from domestic consumers via their Home Energy Management System (HEMS) and more traditional resources from the Distribution System Operator (DSO), such as transformers with On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) and storage devices. The proposed algorithm-the Low Voltage Control (LVC)-is detailed in this paper. The algorithm was tested through simulation using a real Portuguese LV network and real consumption and generation data, in order to evaluate its performance in preparation for a field-trial validation in a Portuguese smart grids pilot.

Abstract
Glycosomes of trypanosomatids are peroxisome-like organelles comprising unique metabolic features, among which the lack of the hallmark peroxisomal enzyme catalase. The absence of this highly efficient peroxidase from glycosomes is presumably compensated by other antioxidants, peroxidases of the peroxiredoxin (PRX) family being the most promising candidates for this function. Here, we follow on this premise and investigate the product of a Leishmania infantum gene coding for a putative glycosomal PRX (LigPRX). First, we demonstrate that LigPRX localizes to glycosomes, resorting to indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Second, we prove that purified recombinant LigPRX is an active peroxidase in vitro. Third, we generate viable LigPRX-depleted L. infantum promastigotes by classical homologous recombination. Surprisingly, phenotypic analysis of these knockout parasites revealed that promastigote survival, replication, and protection from oxidative and nitrosative insults can proceed normally in the absence of LigPRX. Noticeably, we also witness that LigPRX-depleted parasites can infect and thrive in mice to the same extent as wild type parasites. Overall, by disclosing the dispensable character of the glycosomal peroxiredoxin in L. infantum, this work excludes this enzyme from being a key component of the glycosomal hydroperoxide metabolism and contemplates alternative players for this function.