Abstract
EU-SysFlex H2020 project aims at developing and testing innovative tools for the integration of high levels (above 50%) of renewable energy sources (RES) in the pan-European Electricity system. Those high levels of RES will increase the need for new sources of flexibility to support the system services, since there will be a decreasing number of conventional power plants connected to the grid, traditionally the main providers of these services. In this context, this study describes the Flexibility Hub (FlexHub) concept, part of the EU-SysFlex Portuguese demonstrator, consisting of a platform of tools managed by the distribution system operator to facilitate market-based flexibility provision to the transmission system operator (TSO) using resources connected to the distribution system. The FlexHub includes the provision of active power flexibility to the TSO (with an extended restoration reserve market concept), an essential tool to help the TSO balancing the grid, being a replicable concept that will become increasingly relevant in a future with a high share of decentralised assets connected to the distribution grids.

Abstract
The study at hand describes the state of the art regulatory framework for managing the distribution system operator (DSO)/transmission system operator (TSO) interface including information about the available flexibility data and access rights of the different grid operators. It describes a possible future procedure to manage this interface using software tools to support this coordination performing grid analysis and providing active as well as reactive power flexibility information at several TSO–DSO interconnection points. The proposed study gives a short overview of two optimisation approaches/software tools with different application functionalities, developed and adapted to meet the demands coming up with such tasks, performed within the European project ‘EU-SysFlex’. Both tools contribute to the objective of optimising available flexibility resources connected to meshed distribution grids with multiple grid connection points to the transmission grid. The investigations/calculations are performed using a real existing high-voltage grid of MITNETZ STROM. Using the outputs, provided by both tools, the demonstrator aims at providing beneficiary results for the discussion of how to evolve the regulatory framework. The functionality of the developed algorithms of both optimisation tools is evaluated and investigated by means of a live field test.

Abstract
With the energy transition at sight and the EU renewable energy source integration ambition, the EU-SysFlex project aims at defining a set of advancements in the electric system that drives us towards that direction. With the increasing decentralisation and granularity of the generation facilities, local generation will gain a determinant role in the provision of future local and global systems services. This study presents an overview of a framework for a local market for reactive power control that will be implemented and demonstrated under a real scenario in a Portuguese demo site. The demonstration includes a set of capacitor banks of the distribution system operator (DSO) and two wind farms of a wind power generation operator. This local reactive power market consists of a close to real-time continuous intraday local market managed by the DSO, with 15 min delivery time to increase temporal granularity, and with 7 h delivery horizons with complex bids to allow more flexible assets operation. Market agents can also correct future previously scheduled positions by participating themselves as sellers or buyers of capacitive or inductive reactive power, providing a more flexible framework.

Abstract
This study proposes a stochastic optimisation programming for scheduling a microgrid (MG) considering multiple energy devices and the uncertain nature of renewable energy resources and parking lot-based electric vehicles (EVs). Both thermal and electrical features of the multi-energy system are modelled by considering combined heat and power generation, thermal energy storage, and auxiliary boilers. Also, price-based and incentive-based demand response (DR) programs are modelled in the proposed multi-energy MG to manage a commercial complex including hospital, supermarket, strip mall, hotel and offices. Moreover, a linearised AC power flow is utilised to model the distribution system, including EVs. The feasibility of the proposed model is studied on a system based on real data of a commercial complex, and the integration of DR and EVs with multiple energy devices in an MG is investigated. The numerical studies show the high impact of EVs on the operation of the multi-energy MGs.

Abstract
Energy arbitrage have monetary benefits for privately owned battery energy storage systems, such as the battery of an electric vehicle or residential batteries. However, the life cycle and degradation cost of the battery storage should be taken into consideration and can decrease obtained income in the long-term. This paper proposes an optimization framework to derive optimal bidding and offering curves for lead-acid battery storage participate in a stepwise energy market. The objective is to maximize the profit comes from participating in energy arbitrage action, while the life cycle of the battery is considered by objective function and constraints. Due to the small capacity of the considered storage unit, it can be assumed that this unit is a pricetaker participant, which its actions cannot influence the market prices. Hence, the energy prices are modeled as uncertain parameters using stochastic programming approach. The second order stochastic dominance constraints are as risk management method.

Abstract
A key challenge for future energy systems is how to minimize the effects of employing demand response (DR) programs on the consumer. There exists a diverse range of consumers with a variety of types of loads, such as must-run loads, and this can reduce the impact of consumer participation in DR programs. Multi-energy systems (MES) can solve this issue and have the capability to reduce any discomfort faced by all types of consumers who are willing to participate in the DRPs. In this paper, the most recent implementations of DR frameworks in the MESs are comprehensively reviewed. The DR modelling approach in such energy systems is investigated and the main contributions of each of these works are included. Notably, the amount of research in MES has rapidly increased in recent years. The majority of the reviewed works consider power, heat and gas systems within the MES. Over three-quarters of the papers investigated consider some form of energy storage system, which shows how important having efficient, cost-effective and reliable energy storage systems will be in the future. In addition, a vast majority of the works also considered some form of demand response programs in their model. This points to the need to make participating in the energy market easier for consumers, as well as the importance of good communication between generators, system operators, and consumers. Moreover, the emerging topics within the area of MES are investigated using a bibliometric analysis to provide insight to other researchers in this area.