Abstract
It is foreseeable that electricity retailers for electrical mobility will be market agents. These retailers are electric vehicle (EV) aggregation agents, which operate as a commercial middleman between electricity market and EV owners. Furthermore, with the foreseen evolution of the smart-grid concept, these agents will be able to control the EV charging rates and offer several ancillary services. This paper formulates an optimization problem for the EV aggregation agent participation in the day-ahead and secondary reserve market sessions. Forecasting issues are also discussed. The methodology was tested for two years (2009 and 2010) of the Iberian market, considering perfect and naïve forecast for all variables of the problem. © 2011 IEEE.

Abstract
An electric vehicle (EV) aggregation agent, as a commercial middleman between electricity market and EV owners, participates with bids for purchasing electrical energy and selling secondary reserve. This paper presents an optimization approach to support the aggregation agent participating in the day-ahead and secondary reserve sessions, and identifies the input variables that need to be forecasted or estimated. Results are presented for two years (2009 and 2010) of the Iberian market, and considering perfect and naive forecast for all variables of the problem.

Abstract
Traditional retail business models price electricity using volumetric tariffs, which charge customers for the unit of energy consumed. These tariffs were designed for passive consumers with low flexibility. In this paper, we argue that these volumetric tariffs are unsuitable for prosumers with high flexibility since they are unable to adequately value the flexibility of their distributed energy resources in multiple electricity markets. This reduces the interest of prosumers participating in aggregators' business models. To address this issue, we propose a new business model for aggregators of prosumers, based on the concept of energy-as-a-service. In this business model, prosumers pay a monthly fee for aggregators to represent and optimize them in multiple wholesale electricity markets, including in energy and ancillary service markets. The monthly fee is computed by a new technoeconomic simulation framework proposed in this paper, which can also be used to estimate the profitability of the new business model from the perspectives of both the aggregator and prosumers. Our experiments on a portfolio of real prosumers from Australia show that the new business model maximizes the economic benefits of both the aggregator and prosumers by increasing the average profit of the aggregator by 438% and reducing the average electricity cost of prosumers from $583/year to $0 when compared to two of the most common retail business models available in the Australian market. In other words, the economic benefit for prosumers is free electricity. In addition to this benefit, the new business model also provides simplicity and predictability to prosumers, as they are offered a guaranteed outcome before providing the services.

Abstract
This paper investigates the contribution of hydrogen electrolysers (HEs) for frequency related Ancillary Services (AS), namely Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR), Synthetic Inertia (SI) , Fast Frequency Response (FFR) in future operation scenarios in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) considering low system iner-tia. The proposed framework for analysis consists of a dynamic model developed in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulations show that an instantaneous inverter based resource (IBR) trip induced by a grid fault may lead to the occurrence of values of Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) close to undesirable thresholds if the FCR is provided solely by the conventional generators. The obtained results illustrate that HEs can outperform conventional generators on the provision of FCR. Furthermore, the FCR is unable to unlock the full potential of fast responding HEs. This suggests the advantage of providing additional AS such as SI or FFR in critical periods. Simulations also show that the benefit of additional AS can be limited in specific conditions, especially depending on the evolution of HEs' ramping capabilities, but are still a relevant complement to other solutions designed to deal with low inertia in power systems such as synchronous compensators.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract
Reducing office buildings’ energy consumption can contribute significantly towards carbon reduction commitments since it represents 10% of total energy consumption. Major components are lighting (40% of consumption), electrical equipment (35%), and heating and central cooling systems (25\%). Occupants’ behaviours impact these energy consumption components, with solid evidence on the role of individual behaviours. In this work, we propose a methodology that uses virtual choreographies to identify and prioritize behaviour-change interventions towards office users based on the potential impact on energy consumption. The data shows that some behaviours with significant consumption have little potential for behavioural change impact, while other behaviours hold substantial potential for lowering energy consumption via behavioural change.

Abstract
Aggregators are acknowledged as key agents to enable the active participation of household and commercial distributed energy resources (DER) in electricity markets. In recent years, many researchers and practitioners have been working on the development of diverse network-secure and network-insecure bidding strategies to support the participation of DER aggregators in electricity markets. An example of this is the extensive work developed by the authors of this paper in various R&D projects with industry. This paper builds on the experience gained in previous works and its main contribution is a thorough comparison between these strategies, resulting in an extensive discussion of their pros and cons. The discussion compares the economic and network security performance of the strategies, as well as their communication, computational, and data privacy requirements. To discuss and quantify these aspects, we formulate, implement, and test various bidding strategies on a real-world MV-LV distribution network with 2 aggregators and 522 customers for multiple DER scenarios. The discussion of the results provides realistic and valuable information on the pros and cons of each strategy, helping energy system stakeholders to understand which strategy may better fit their needs.