Abstract
The estimation of the harmonic content of an ADC output is fundamental to evaluate its suitability to perform according the requirements specified for an application. The use of the traditional frequency analysis leads to a large hardware overhead due to the amount of on-chip processing being involved, or to a large quantity of data to be transferred in case the processing is performed in a tester. This paper presents an algorithm capable of estimating the harmonics with similar accuracy but with the advantage of being more suitable for a BIST implementation, since it requires a reduced number of on-chip operations, and that only a small set of values has to be supplied outside the chip for further processing. It relies, on the fact that harmonics generated by an ADC are mathematical related with the polynomial coefficients of its transfer function. ADC offset and gain errors can also be measured.

Abstract
A procedure is proposed to estimate an analogue-to-digital converter's signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio using the histogram method. The procedure provides results that are in close agreement with the ones obtained with the spectral analysis and sinewave fitting methods. It is shown that the errors obtained by using former implementations of the histogram method are due to not considering the input stimulus probability density function, and it is shown how these errors can be rectified.

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a remarkable surge in the development and research of tethered aerial systems, thus reflecting a growing interest in their diverse applications. Long-term missions involving aerial vehicles present significant challenges due to the limitations of current battery solutions. Tethered vehicles can circumvent such restrictions by receiving their power from an element on the ground such as a ground station or a mobile terrestrial platform. Tethered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can also be applied to load transportation achieved by a single or multiple UAVs. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic literature review, with a special focus on solutions published in the last five years (2017-2022). It emphasizes the key characteristics that are capable of grouping publications by application scope, propulsion method, energy transfer solution, perception sensors, and control techniques adopted. The search was performed in six different databases, thereby resulting in 1172 unique publications, from which 182 were considered for inclusion in the data extraction phase of this review. Among the various aircraft types, multirotors emerged as the most widely used category. We also identified significant variations in the application scope of tethered UAVs, thus leading to tailored approaches for each use case, such as the fixed-wing model being predominant in the wind generation application and the lighter-than-air aircraft in the meteorology field. Notably, the classical Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control scheme emerged as the predominant control methodology across the surveyed publications. Regarding energy transfer techniques, most publications did not explicitly describe their approach. However, among those that did, high-voltage DC energy transfer emerged as the preferred solution. In summary, this systematic literature review provides valuable insights into the current state of tethered aerial systems, thereby showcasing their potential as a robust and sustainable alternative to address the challenges associated with long-duration aerial missions and load transportation.

Abstract
Since the advent of agriculture, humans have considered phytopharmaceutical products to control pests and reduce losses in farming. Sometimes some of these products, such pesticides, can potentially harm the soil life. In the literature there is evidence that AI and image processing can have a positive contribution to reduce phytopharmaceutical losses, when used in variable rate sprayers. However, it is possible to improve the existing sprayer system's precision, accuracy, and mechanical aspects. This work proposes spraying solution called GraDeS solution (Grape Detection Sprayer). GraDeS solution is a sprayer with two degrees of freedom, controlled by a AI-based algorithm to precisely treat grape bunches diseases. The experiments with the designed sprayer showed two key points. First, the deep learning algorithm recognized and tracked grape bunches. Even with structure movement and bunch covering, the algorithm employs several strategies to keep track of the discovered objects. Second, the robotic sprayer can improve precision in specified areas, such as exclusively spraying grape bunches. Because of the structure's reduced size, the system can be used in medium and small robots.

Abstract
Human oversight can benefit scenarios with complex tasks, such as pallet docking and loading and unloading containers, beyond the current capabilities of autonomous systems without any failures. Furthermore, teleoperation systems allow remote control of mobile ground robots, especially with the surge of 5G technology that promises reliable and low latency communication. Current works research on exploring the latest features from the 5G standard, including ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (uRLLC) and network slicing. However, these features may not be available depending on the Internet Service Provider (ISP) and communication devices. Thus, this work proposes a network architecture for the teleoperation of ground mobile robots in industrial environments using commercially available devices over the 5G Non-Standalone (NSA) standard. Experimental results include an evaluation of the network and End-to-End (E2E) latency of the proposed system. The results show that the proposed architecture enables teleoperation, achieving an average E2E latency of 347.19 ms.

Abstract
The Digital electronics collaborative enhanced learning (DECEL) project has recently developed an international collaborative education course. Its main objective is to enhance the digital electronics skills of international students by working on a complex, multidisciplinary applied problem using a mixed digital architecture. We have developed a logic level synthesis and dedicated software layers on the Red Pitaya FPGA platform. The diversity of digital concepts to be implemented, from hardware description language (HDL) to high-level languages such as Python or Matlab, forced the students to work together and rapidly improve their skills. Their motivation was fueled by the curiosity of controlling an ultrasound probe to obtain ultrasound signatures. This particular physics, little known to the students, was an additional source of curiosity. The goal of forming an image in a liquid medium was an additional motivating factor for them. The students reported that they learned a lot from the experiment. Thus, the technical parts and pedagogical results are documented in this work for reproducibility.