Abstract
In this paper we describe two approaches developed by two research teams to address the topology identification problem in the scope of state estimation. Both approaches aim at enlarging the traditional concept of strict state estimation, assuming that the network topology is pre-determined and is fixed. In fact, we are generalizing state estimation, enlarging its domain and aiming at obtaining topology information from a state estimation run. Apart from the description of those two techniques, the paper includes a'set of tests performed over the same test system in order to illustrate the interest of the approaches and to evaluate their performances. © 2001 IEEE.

Abstract
This paper describes the concept of a voltage/NAR controller based on an interaction of fuzzy Mamdani controllers, with the main objective of keeping voltages at all busbars inside an admissible band while avoiding line flows to exceed admissible limits. Estimation of sensitivities via fuzzy clustering of load profiles is proposed. A complex rule base interacts with a Newton-Raphson power flow routine in iterative steps until a terminating criterion is met, following a basic min-max approach. Tests to the method reveal it as one order of magnitude faster than a competing simulated annealing routine.

Abstract
This letter proposes a new concept applied to state estimation based on replacing traditional regression models by a criterion of maximizing error correntropy introducing a novel way to identify and correct large errors.

Abstract
This paper presents the proof of concept for a new solution to the problem of recomposing missing information at the SCADA of energy/distribution management systems (EMS/DMS), through the use of offline trained autoencoders. These are neural networks with a special architecture, which allows them to store knowledge about a system in a nonlinear manifold characterized by their weights. Suitable algorithms may then recompose missing inputs (measurements). The paper shows that, trained with adequate information, autoencoders perform well in recomposing missing voltage and power values, and focuses on the particularly important application of inferring the topology of the network when information about switch status is absent. Examples with the IEEE RTS 24-bus network are presented to illustrate the concept and technique.

Abstract
The main purpose of this work is the development of an optimization model for the design of the grounding grid in electrical substations. The problem is formulated as a mixedinteger linear programming problem, in terms of the constructive characteristics and the peculiar requirements to construct and to install the grounding grid. The model incorporates the variables that define the grid characteristics of all possible configurations including the grid geometry and the depth and conductor size. The optimization problem is subject to safety constraints related with the maximum allowed touching and step voltages. It also includes the equivalent impedance of the transmission line connected to the substation where it will be located the grounding grid to be designed. The methodology allows selecting the optimum grid of the possible configurations, so that is a very useful tool for the engineering design. The formulation and specifications used is based in IEEE Std. 80-2000.

Abstract
A fuzzy model for power system operation is presented. Uncertainties in loads and generations are modeled as fuzzy numbers. System behavior under known (while uncertain) injections is dealt with by a DC fuzzy power flow model. System optimal (while uncertain) operation is calculated with linear programming procedures in which the problem nature and structure allow some efficient techniques such as Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition and dual simplex to be used. Among the results, one obtains a fuzzy cost value for system operation and possibility distributions for branch power flows and power generations. Some risk analysis is possible, as system robustness and exposure indices can be derived and hedging policies can be investigated.