Abstract

Abstract

Abstract
Road transportation emissions have increased in the last few decades and have been the primary source of pollutants in urban areas with ever-growing populations. In this context, it is important to have effective measures to monitor road emissions in regions. Creating an emission inventory over a region that can map the road emission based on the vehicle trips can be helpful for this. In this work, we show that it is possible to use raw GPS data to measure levels of pollution in a region. By transforming the data using feature engineering and calculating the vehicle-specific power (VSP), we show the areas with higher emissions levels made by a fleet of taxis in Porto, Portugal. The Uber H3 grid system is used to decompose the city into hexagonal grids to sample nearby data points into a region. We validate our experiments on real-world sensor datasets deployed in several city regions, showing the correlation with VSP and true values for several pollutants attesting to the method's usefulness.

Abstract
Water is a fundamental human resource and its scarcity is reflected in social, economic and environmental problems. Water used in human activities must be treated before reusing or returning to nature. This treatment takes place in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which need to perform their functions with high quality, low cost, and reduced environmental impact. This paper aims to identify failures in real-time, using streaming data to provide the necessary preventive actions to minimize damage to WWTPs, heavy fines and, ultimately, environmental hazards. Convolutional and Long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoders (AEs) were used to identify failures in the functioning of the dissolved oxygen sensor used in WWTPs. Five faults were considered (drift, bias, precision degradation, spike and stuck) in three different scenarios with variations in the appearance order, intensity and duration of the faults. The best performance, considering different model configurations, was achieved by Convolutional-AE.

Abstract

Abstract
The human brain works in such a complex way that we have not yet managed to decipher its functional mysteries [...]