Abstract
With the surge of multimodal models and the demand for effective image Information Retrieval (IR) systems, high-quality text-to-image datasets have become paramount. However, most existing datasets are primarily in English, limiting their applicability to multilingual settings. To address this, we introduce the pt-image-ir-dataset, a manually annotated resource for text-based Image IR in European Portuguese. The dataset comprises 80 diverse queries and a curated pool of 5,201 images, each annotated for relevance by multiple human judges. The proposed dataset is a step forward in supporting the development and evaluation of image IR systems for European Portuguese, addressing a clear gap in multilingual multimodal research. To this end, we have made our dataset publicly available, alongside baseline experimental results, demonstrating its suitability on the Image IR task across different retrieval paradigms, including traditional text-based lexical IR methods, semantic dense retrieval models based on language embeddings, cutting-edge vision-language models and proprietary black-box image retrieval systems. Results demonstrate that vision-language models, particularly OpenCLIP/xlm-roberta-base-ViT-B-32, significantly outperform other approaches (MRR = 0.610).

Abstract

Abstract
Online retail is transforming the way distribution networks are managed. One prominent change is that retailers can now use their full network to fulfil orders. This process involves allocating orders to fulfilment nodes and, depending on the setting, can include other operational decisions, such as order consolidation, shipping mode selection and product substitution. This order allocation problem (OAOR) has garnered considerable attention in recent years. However, there is no comprehensive view of what has been done in the literature, nor a consistent terminology across papers, which makes it hard to position existing work and identify research gaps. To address these concerns, we conduct a systematic literature review, where we find over 60 articles contributing to the OAOR literature. From this review, we formulate the baseline problem, consider multiple extensions, and identify key problem characteristics. Additionally, we analyse and categorize the solution methods found based on the optimization mechanism, policy class, and incorporation of future information and learning. Our review points to several avenues for future research, both in problems and in solution methods.

Abstract

Abstract
Large image collections are typically organized around basic metadata and keyword tags, making content discovery challenging for users seeking specific visual information. Although images may be accompanied by descriptive text, traditional retrieval systems often struggle to bridge the semantic gap between textual descriptions and visual content. In this demo, we present ImageSeek, a hybrid text-to-image retrieval system designed to enhance search effectiveness by combining text and image-based retrieval methods through an asymmetric score adjustment mechanism. The system leverages multilingual CLIP models to encode both visual and textual information, creating unified representations for cross-modal retrieval. Users can search through natural language queries in any supported language, with results ranked using a hybrid approach that treats image-based retrieval as a reliable baseline while harmonizing text-based scores through position-dependent adjustments. The demonstration system operates on a dataset of 42,333 images from the Portuguese Presidency website, providing an appropriate testbed for multimodal retrieval performance. The web application enables direct comparison between conventional CLIP-based retrieval and our hybrid approach, supporting image searches under the same conditions on external platforms, including Google Images and the Arquivo.pt image search system, enabling comparative analysis of the results. To evaluate its effectiveness, ImageSeek allows users to experience differences between retrieval modes while exploring domain-specific visual content.

Abstract