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Publications

Publications by José Creissac Campos

2021

Balancing the Formal and the Informal in User-centred Design

Authors
Harrison, MD; Masci, P; Campos, JC;

Publication
INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS

Abstract
This paper explores the role of formal methods as part of the user-centred design of interactive systems. An iterative process is described, developing prototypes incrementally, proving user-centred requirements while at the same time evaluating the prototypes that are executable forms of the developed models using 'traditional' techniques for user evaluation. A formal analysis complements user evaluations. This approach enriches user-centred design that typically focuses understanding on context and producing sketch designs. These sketches are often non-functional (e.g. paper) prototypes. They provide a means of exploring candidate design possibilities using techniques such as cooperative evaluation. This paper describes a further step in the process using formal analysis techniques. The use of formal methods provides a systematic approach to checking plausibility and consistency during early design stages, while at the same time enabling the generation of executable prototypes. The technique is illustrated through an example based on a pill dispenser.

2021

Heterogeneous Models and Modelling Approaches for Engineering of Interactive Systems

Authors
Ait Ameur, Y; Bowen, J; Campos, J; Palanque, P; Weyers, B;

Publication
INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS

Abstract
This editorial introduces the special issue of Interacting with Computer on Heterogeneous Models and Modelling Approaches for Engineering of Interactive Systems. This special issue was proposed to gather the best contributions from a series of workshops organized alongside conferences such as FM'19 (3rd World Congress on Formal Methods) and EICS'19 (11th ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems). It also encompasses papers submitted directly to this special issue.

2021

The Management of Risks and Benefits when Engineering Interactive Digital Systems

Authors
Campos, JC; Nicholas Graham, TC; Spano, LD; den Bergh, JV;

Publication
EICS '21: ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems, Virtual Event, The Netherlands, 8-11 June 2021

Abstract

2021

HCI-E-2: HCI Engineering Education For Developers, Designers and More

Authors
Baumann, K; Campos, JC; Dix, A; Nigay, L; Palanque, P; Vanderdonckt, J; van der Veer, G; Weyers, B;

Publication
HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, INTERACT 2021, PT V

Abstract
This workshop aims at identifying, examining, structuring and sharing educational resources and approaches to support the process of teaching/learning Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Engineering. The broadening of the range of available interaction technologies and their applications, many times in safety and mission critical areas, to novel and less understood application domains, brings the question of how to address this ever-changing nature in university curricula usually static. Beyond, as these technologies are taught in diverse curricula (ranging from Human Factors and psychology to hardcore computer science), we are interested in what the best approaches and best practices are to integrate HCI Engineering topics in the curricula of programs in software engineering, computer science, human-computer interaction, psychology, design, etc. The workshop is proposed on behalf of the IFIP Working Groups 2.7/13.4 on User Interface Engineering and 13.1 on Education in HCI and HCI Curricula.

2021

Towards the integration of user interface prototyping and model-based development

Authors
Machado, C; Campos, JC;

Publication
International Conference on Graphics and Interaction, ICGI 2021, Porto, Portugal, November 4-5, 2021

Abstract

2021

Development and Validation of a Descriptive Cognitive Model for Predicting Usability Issues in a Low-Code Development Platform

Authors
Silva, C; Vieira, J; Campos, JC; Couto, R; Ribeiro, AN;

Publication
HUMAN FACTORS

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was the development and evaluation of a Descriptive Cognitive Model (DCM) for the identification of three types of usability issues in a low-code development platform (LCDP). Background LCDPs raise the level of abstraction of software development by freeing end-users from implementation details. An effective LCDP requires an understanding of how its users conceptualize programming. It is necessary to identify the gap between the LCDP end-users' conceptualization of programming and the actions required by the platform. It is also relevant to evaluate how the conceptualization of the programming tasks varies according to the end-users' skills. Method DCMs are widely used in the description and analysis of the interaction between users and systems. We propose a DCM which we called PRECOG that combines task decomposition methods with knowledge-based descriptions and criticality analysis. This DCM was validated using empirical techniques to provide the best insight regarding the users' interaction performance. Twenty programmers (10 experts, 10 novices) were observed using an LCDP and their interactions were analyzed according to our DCM. Results The DCM correctly identified several problems felt by first-time platform users. The patterns of issues observed were qualitatively different between groups. Experts mainly faced interaction-related problems, while novices faced problems attributable to a lack of programming skills. Conclusion By applying the proposed DCM we were able to predict three types of interaction problems felt by first-time users of the LCDP. Application The method is applicable when it is relevant to identify possible interaction problems, resulting from the users' background knowledge being insufficient to guarantee a successful completion of the task at hand.

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