Abstract
The aim of this study is to test the multidimensional construct of the Entrepreneurial University (EU), and therefore to confirm whether EU factors make a positive contribution to regional competitiveness. Data were collected from ten Portuguese Public Universities (PPUs) through a self-administered questionnaire. First- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed through factor and multiple linear regression analyses. The main findings show that EU related factors-perceived and combined with actual regional metrics-especially entrepreneurial supporting measures, positively contributed to regional competitiveness. This study shows policy makers that universities are not merely cost centres but provide knowledge spillovers that can have a positive influence on regional competitiveness.

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract
Neste artigo é desenvolvido um modelo de crescimento baseado no progresso tecnológico endógeno, em que o crescimento econômico é induzido por melhorias contínuas na qualidade de cada produto diferenciado. A inovação, "motor" do crescimento, tem como "combustível" essencial o capital humano. Partindo dos modelos de base de Grossman e Helpman (1991a, 1991b), mas considerando, diferentemente, um índice de consumo constituído por bens diferenciados e um bem homogêneo, o modelo proposto destaca a influência determinante da procura no crescimento econômico, aspecto negligenciado pela literatura do crescimento endógeno. Do esforço de modelização decorre que consumidores pouco sofisticados, com reduzida preferência por produtos diferenciados em termos de qualidade, geram, seguramente, incentivos insuficientes para a investigação, enquanto que consumidores mais sofisticados podem gerar excesso de incentivos. Assim, se a quota dos produtos diferenciados na procura estiver positivamente correlacionada com o nível de desenvolvimento do país, então países menos desenvolvidos tendem a apresentar taxas de inovação relativamente reduzidas, ao contrário de países mais desenvolvidos, em que essas taxas podem até ser (socialmente) demasiado elevadas.

Abstract
Cruz S. C. S. and Teixeira A. A. C. The evolution of the cluster literature: shedding light on the regional studies-regional science debate, Regional Studies. Despite the intuitive awareness about the rising importance of the cluster literature, an empirical study on its precise magnitude and evolution has yet to be accomplished. Based on two complementary bibliometric exercises - comprising 50 000 citations and almost 3000 abstracts, ranging in date from 1962 to 2008 - it was demonstrated that although seminal contributors come both from regional science and regional studies areas, the 'convergence' between regional science and regional studies approaches is still a chimera. [image omitted] Cruz S. C. S. et Teixeira A. A. C. L'evolution de la documentation au sujet des grappes: repandre de la lumiere sur le debat a propos des etudes regionales et de la science regionale, Regional Studies. Malgre la conscience intuitive a l'egard de l'importance accrue de la documentation au sujet des grappes, il faut encore faire une etude empirique sur son ampleur precise et son evolution. A partir de deux exercices bibliometriques - comportant 50 000 citations et a peu pres 3 000 resumes, allant de 1962 jusqu'a 2008 - on montre que l'on poursuit toujours des chimeres quant au 'rapprochement' entre la facon prise dans la science regionale et celle employee dans les etudes regionales. Grappes Grappes industrielles Implantation industrielle Bibliometrie Cruz S. C. S. und Teixeira A. A. C. Die Evolution der Cluster-Literatur: eine Untersuchung der Debatte uber Regionalstudien und Regionalwissenschaft, Regional Studies. Die wachsende Bedeutung der Literatur uber Cluster ist zwar auf intuitive Weise bekannt, doch eine empirische Studie uber ihre genaue Grosse und Evolution steht noch aus. Ausgehend von zwei komplementaren bibliometrischen Untersuchungen - mit 50.000 Zitaten und beinahe 3000 Inhaltsangaben aus den Jahren 1962 bis 2008 - wurde nachgewiesen, dass zukunftsweisende Beitrage zwar sowohl aus dem Bereich der Regionalwissenschaft als auch aus dem der Regionalstudien kommen, aber die 'Konvergenz' der Ansatze der Regionalwissenschaft und der Regionalstudien weiterhin ein Trugbild bleibt. Cluster Branchencluster Industriestandort Bibliometrie Cruz S. C. S. y Teixeira A. A. C. La evolucion de la literatura de aglomeraciones: un analisis sobre el debate de estudios regionales y ciencia regional, Regional Studies. Aunque la creciente importancia de la literatura sobre aglomeraciones se conoce de modo intuitivo, todavia es necesario un estudio empirico sobre su magnitud precisa y evolucion. En base a dos ejercicios bibliometricos complementarios - que contienen 50.000 citaciones y casi 3000 resumenes, y que van desde 1962 a 2008 - se demostro que aunque las contribuciones importantes proceden tanto de areas de estudios cientificos como regionales, la 'convergencia' entre los enfoques de ciencia regional y estudios regionales es todavia una quimera. Aglomeraciones Aglomeraciones industriales Ubicacion industrial Bibliometria.

Abstract
The empirical studies in the area of Open Innovation (OI) reveal that there is a significant bias in favour of countries on the technological frontier. The present study aims to bridge this gap by examining firms in Portugal, a country at an intermediate stage of technological development. Based on 70 innovative firms, we found that whatever perspective of the OI model is considered, firms tend, on average, to share a relatively closed innovation model when compared with firms located in countries where technological development is advanced. About a quarter of the surveyed firms implemented the OI model in their innovation strategy/business, this being much more widely disseminated regarding the absorption of external knowledge/technology, with almost 40% of firms surveyed acknowledging its use in comparison with the perspective of transfer of knowledge/technology to other organisations - less than 10% provide their "surplus technology" to other organisations. This result may indicate a lack of awareness of the economic potential of making internally created technologies available to third parties, albeit this potential might also depend on other circumstances such as technology architecture (the system and interdependence of technologies).