Abstract
With the growing need for AI-driven solutions in power grid management, this work addresses the challenge of creating realistic synthetic operating scenarios essential for developing, testing, and validating AI-based decision-making systems. It uses spatial-temporal noise functions, predefined patterns, and optimal power flow to model renewable energy and conventional power plant generation, load, and losses. Quantitative and visual key performance indicators are proposed to evaluate the quality of the generated operating scenarios, and the validation highlights the framework's ability to emulate diverse and practical operating scenarios, bridging gaps in AI-driven power system research and real-world applications.

Abstract
This chapter explores the critical role of derivatives in optimizing cost functions and driving the backpropagation algorithm in neural networks, emphasizing their applications in the education field. The study examines the use of derivatives in personalized learning systems, particularly within the Khan Academy platform, and evaluates their impact on scalability, bias, and efficiency. Five research questions guide the analysis, ranging from environmental impact to fairness in AI- driven education. Employing methods like Experimental Performance Evaluation and Comparative Analysis, the study offers both technical insights and ethical considerations. While derivatives enable precise optimization, the chapter highlights how they can unintentionally reinforce biases in training data, raising critical concerns about fairness and representation in educational technologies. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Abstract
Class overlap presents a significant challenge to machine learning algorithms, especially when class imbalance is present. These factors contribute substantially to the complexity of classification tasks, particularly in realworld scenarios. As a result, measuring overlap is crucial, yet it remains difficult to quantify due to its intricate nature, since it can manifest and be measured in multiple ways. To help mitigate this, recent research has conceptualized a new taxonomy of class overlap measures, divided into multiple families, which allows researchers to obtain a more complete overview of the complexity of the datasets. In line with recent research, we introduce a new Python package for class overlap measurement named pycol. This package implements 29 overlap measures, divided into four overlap families specifically designed to capture class overlap in imbalanced real-world scenarios. This makes pycol an essential tool for researchers dealing with complex classification problems, providing robust solutions to quantify the joint-effect of class overlap and class imbalance effectively.

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) allow a significant reduction in harmful gas emissions, thus improving urban air quality. However, the widespread adoption of this technology is limited by several factors, resulting in heterogeneous deployment in urban areas. This raises challenges regarding the planning of public electric vehicle charging infrastructure (EVCI), requiring adaptive strategies to ensure comprehensive and efficient coverage. This study introduces an innovative method that leverages geographic information systems to pinpoint appropriate sizes and suitable locations for public EVCI within urban environments. Initially, a Bass diffusion model is employed to estimate EV adoption rates by regions, enabling the determination of the appropriate sizes of EVCI necessary for each of them. Subsequently, a multi-criteria decision-making approach is applied to identify the suitable locations for EV charger installation within each region. In this way, EVCI locations are selected using spatial criteria, which ensure they are near common areas of interest and easily accessible through the road network. To validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method, tests using geospatial data from a city in Brazil were carried out. The findings suggest that EVCI planning without proper spatial analysis may result in inefficient locations and inadequate sizes, which may discourage potential EV adopters and hinder widespread adoption of this technology.

Abstract
The learning environment is an essential part of teaching and learning. Its personalization has several advantages (e.g., guaranteeing learning quality or effective learning). In vocational education, a personalized learning environment might provide training most suitable to each professional according to individual characteristics, skills, or career path. Artificial intelligence’s ability to process big data can be harnessed to personalize a learning environment. This work intends to investigate the personalization of a learning environment using artificial intelligence (AI) in vocational training that can provide relevant training based on the trainees’ skills required. A framework will be proposed to personalize a learning environment in this scope. Its development will follow the design science research (DSR) methodology. During the process, the survey methodology (expert interviews and focus groups) will be conducted to validate the artifact requirements and evaluate our future framework. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, with coronary artery disease being the most prevalent. Coronary artery calcifications are critical biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, and their quantification via non-contrast computed tomography is a widely accepted and heavily employed technique for risk assessment. Manual segmentation of these calcifications is a time-consuming task, subject to variability. State-of-the-art methods often employ convolutional neural networks for an automated approach. However, there is a lack of studies that perform these segmentations with 3D architectures that can gather important and necessary anatomical context to distinguish the different coronary arteries. This paper proposes a novel and automated approach that uses a lightweight three-dimensional convolutional neural network to perform efficient and accurate segmentations and calcium scoring. Results show that this method achieves Dice score coefficients of 0.93 ± 0.02, 0.93 ± 0.03, 0.84 ± 0.02, 0.63 ± 0.06 and 0.89 ± 0.03 for the foreground, left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX), left main artery (LM) and right coronary artery (RCA) calcifications, respectively, outperforming other state-of-the-art architectures. An external cohort validation also showed the generalization of this method's performance and how it can be applied in different clinical scenarios. In conclusion, the proposed lightweight 3D convolutional neural network demonstrates high efficiency and accuracy, outperforming state-of-the-art methods and showcasing robust generalization potential.