Abstract
Advancements in the care for patients with breast cancer have demanded the development of biomechanical breast models for the planning and risk mitigation of such invasive surgical procedures. However, these approaches require large amounts of high-quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) training data that is of difficult acquisition and availability. Although this can be solved using synthetic data, generating high resolution images comes at the price of very high computational constraints and tipically low performances. On the other hand, producing lower resolution samples yields better results and efficiency but falls short of meeting health professional standards. Therefore, this work aims to validate a joint approach between lower resolution generative models and the proposed super-resolution architecture, titled Shifted Window Image Restoration (SWinIR), which was used to achieve a 4x increase in image size of breast cancer patient MRI samples. Results prove to be promising and to further expand upon the super-resolution state-of-the-art, achieving good maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio of 41.36 and structural similarity index values of 0.962 and thus beating traditional methods and other machine learning architectures.

Abstract
Medical image captioning is an essential tool to produce descriptive text reports of medical images. One of the central problems of medical image captioning is their poor domain description generation because large pre-trained language models are primarily trained in non-medical text domains with different semantics of medical text. To overcome this limitation, we explore improvements in contrastive learning for X-ray images complemented with soft prompt engineering for medical image captioning and conditional text decoding for caption generation. The main objective is to develop a softprompt model to improve the accuracy and clinical relevance of the automatically generated captions while guaranteeing their complete linguistic accuracy without corrupting the models’ performance. Experiments on the MIMIC-CXR and ROCO datasets showed that the inclusion of tailored soft-prompts improved accuracy and efficiency, while ensuring a more cohesive medical context for captions, aiding medical diagnosis and encouraging more accurate reporting. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Abstract
We study the dynamics as well as the interaction of stable dissipative solitons (DSs) of the cubic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation which are stabilized only by nonlinear gradient (NLG) terms. First we review stationary, periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic solutions. Then we investigate sudden transitions to chaotic from periodic and vice versa as a function of one parameter, as well as different outcomes, for fixed parameters, when varying the initial condition. In addition, we present a quasi-analytic approach to evaluate the separation of nearby trajectories for the case of stationary DSs as well as for periodic DSs, both stabilized by nonlinear gradient terms. In a separate section collisions between different types of DSs are reviewed. First we present a concise review of collisions of DSs without NLG terms and then the results of collisions between stationary DSs stabilized by NLG terms are summarized focusing on the influence of the nonlinear gradient term associated with the Raman effect. We point out that both, meandering oscillatory bound states as well as bound states with large amplitude oscillations appear to be specific for coupled cubic complex Ginzburg-Landau equations with a stabilizing cubic nonlinear gradient term.

Abstract
Measuring the density of tartrazine (TZ) powder allowed to develop a protocol for fast preparation of aqueous solutions with a desired concentration. The stability time of these solutions decreases exponentially with the increase of TZ concentration: solutions with TZ concentrations below 25% remain stable for more than 24 h, while the solution with 60% TZ remains stable only for 35 min. To validate the developed protocol, muscle samples were immersed in the 40% TZ solution and, as expected, the tissue transparency increased smoothly and exponentially during the whole treatment of 30 min. The diffusion time of TZ in ex vivo skeletal muscle was quantitatively determined with high accuracy as tau TZ = 5.39 +/- 0.49 min for sample thickness of 0.5 mm. By measuring the refractive index of TZ solutions during preparation, it will be easier to prepare such solutions in a fast manner for future research on tissue optical clearing.

Abstract
We studied the characteristics, regions of existence, and stability of different types of solitons for a distributed model of a mode-locked laser whose dispersion is purely quartic and normal. Among the different types of solitons, we identified three main branches that are named according to their different amplitude: low, medium, and high amplitude solitons. It was found that the first solitons are always unstable while the latter two exist and are stable in relatively large regions of the parameter space. Moreover, the stability regions of medium and high amplitude solitons overlap over a certain range of parameters, manifesting effects of bistability. The energy of high amplitude solitons increases quadratically with their width, whereas the energy of medium amplitude solitons may decrease or increase with the width depending on the parameter region. Furthermore, we have investigated the long term evolution of the continuous-wave solutions under modulational instability, showing that medium amplitude solitons can arise in this scenario. Additionally, we assessed the effects of second- and third-order dispersion on medium and high amplitude solitons and found that both remain stable in the presence of these terms.

Abstract
Modulation instability (MI) of the continuous wave (cw) has been associated with the onset of stable solitons in conservative and dissipative systems. The cubic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) is a prototype of a damped, driven, nonlinear, and dispersive system. The inclusion of nonlinear gradients is essential to stabilize pulses whether stationary or oscillatory. The soliton solutions of this model have been reasonably studied; however, its cw solution characteristics and stability have not been reported yet. Here, we obtain the cw solutions of the cubic CGLE with nonlinear gradient terms and study its short- and long-term evolution under the effect of small perturbations. We have found that, for each admissible amplitude, there are two branches of cw solutions, and all of them are unstable. Then, through direct integration of the evolution equation, we study the evolution of those cw solutions, observing the emergence of plain and oscillatory solitons. Depending on whether the cw and/or its perturbation are sinusoidal, we can obtain a train of a finite number of pulses or bound states.