Abstract
In an increasingly competitive and dynamic world where globalization, information and technology are commonly accepted as influential and determining factors of organizational culture and performance, it becomes imperative for organizations to stand out and gain an advantage over their competitors. This scenario transformation created a greater and more exquisite demand as concerns the average customer and it is now understood that a competitive advantage gained does not necessarily prevail over time. Therefore, organizations must be flexible and learn to adapt easily and rapidly to changes in order to create a sustainable position. Furthermore, the ability to be different, to be innovative, and to create unique products, services, experiences, or a combination of all three, may be viewed as a booster of competitive advantages. In this context: 1. When does innovation begin or should it begin? 2. Is innovation an organizational goal or a philosophy? 3. What makes an organization innovative? This study focuses on innovation as a precursor and defining agent in the development of a business model. First, a brainstorming session was conducted as an exploratory qualitative research effort, with eighteen participants studying innovation and technology management in Portugal (the participants were probed for their views on the three questions above). Additionally, a questionnaire was administered to Portuguese millennials (171 valid responses), with the goal of perceiving potential changes in the national culture that could impact the national innovation mindset. The results were quite surprising and reveal a significant change since the original questionnaire (led by Hofstede) was administered in Portugal.

Abstract
This study is about technology and sport. Namely, the study is about the influence of technology in golf. In order to ascertain the impact of technology in golf interviews were performed with two groups of players – professional women golfers and senior professional male golfers (over 50 years of age and playing the senior circuit). The interviews (to a total of 44) were performed at two main international competitions, both in the UK and in the summer of 2019. The same questions were posed to both groups and the ladies (mostly millennials) showed themselves to be more open to new technologies to be used in training. The technology referred to is called TrackMan. TrackMan-type technology appeared first in the military industry, to track bullets and missiles, and has since been transferred to sport – including to golf, baseball and football. This technology may track the path of both the ball and the club before, during and after impact. The study shows that older generations may be more alienated from more recent technologies – not only in society in general but also in sport.

Abstract
This study is about leadership and more specifically it focuses on middle management, namely the marketing director. After a literature review, and a section explaining the methodology followed, the results of three separate studies are described. The first study is an autoethnographic essay by the author; the second study involved 14 interviews with specialists; and the third study involved a focus group with functional directors in a multinational with a presence in Portugal. The context is Portugal, a developed country, albeit one of the poorest in the European Union. The profile of a successful marketing director is developed, the role of digital technology is discussed, and the conclusion announced that there will be little loyalty towards the middle manager (the marketing director) as firm collaborators will want a higher salary, which will often mean occupying this leader’s job. On the other hand, the influence of digital technology is undeniable and is associated to a greater transparency and proximity both existent in the workplace today.

Abstract
Musicians are entrepreneurs, despite a lack of specific literature treating them thus. Musicians take the risk of launching themselves as performers, often with very little to fall back on if it does not work out. Musicians are not accustomed to creating a business plan for their careers and, more generally, lack an understanding of business models and financial investments, as often the return for hours of individual practice is simply not cost-effective. Many musicians also have careers in teaching, juggling a mix of music-related activities to make ends meet. Music is a life of passion and not one where riches are expected to flow. Additionally, at a time when the pressure to perform well is increasing daily, due also to added competition, and with performing musicians starting their music studies and careers earlier and earlier, at ever more tender ages, the probability of suffering a severe injury during one's career is exceedingly high. This research intends to discuss a process of prolonging careers and minimizing injury, while also maximizing performance, by way of leveraging technology. Research is in fact lacking linking classical music to technology, and this study shows that a biomechanical approach can produce significant changes in the hand position over the violin. All violinists and violists face the difficulties of playing on a non-symmetrical instrument, which makes it quite easy to create wrong postures and techniques. Retroreflective markers were placed on the joints of the left hand, and their movement during violin play captured by a MoCap system (Qualisys AB, Sweden) operating at a sampling frequency of 200 Hz. A violinist was asked to play a score (Al) using his usual playing technique and next to perform the same score using the enhanced technique (A2). The resulting data was analysed in the Visual 3D software (C-Motion, USA) in order to extract relevant parameters and metrics. Very positive and encouraging results were captured. The enhanced technique seems to allow the violinist to play the same score with less tension in the hand, with greater amplitude of the fingers, and a more natural position with angulations closer to the natural ones, allowing to play faster and with smaller pattern deviation, and so with more precision.

Abstract
The main goal of this article is to identify the main dimensions of a model proposal for increasing the potential of big data research in Healthcare for medical doctors' (MDs') learning, which appears as a major issue in continuous medical education and learning. The paper employs a systematic literature review of main scientific databases (PubMed and Google Scholar), using the VOSviewer software tool, which enables the visualization of scientific landscapes. The analysis includes a co-authorship data analysis as well as the co-occurrence of terms and keywords. The results lead to the construction of the learning model proposed, which includes four health big data key areas for MDs' learning: 1) data transformation is related to the learning that occurs through medical systems; 2) health intelligence includes the learning regarding health innovation based on predictions and forecasting processes; 3) data leveraging regards the learning about patient information; and 4) the learning process is related to clinical decision-making, focused on disease diagnosis and methods to improve treatments. Practical models gathered from the scientific databases can boost the learning process and revolutionise the medical industry, as they store the most recent knowledge and innovative research.

Abstract
The emergence of the so-called “European Paradox” shows that increasing Governmental R&D Investment is far from being a ‘panacea’ for stagnant growth. It is worth noting that Governmental R&D Investment does not have a statistically significant impact on employment, indicating the need to assess the trade-offs of policies that could lead to significant increases in government expenditure. Surprisingly, Governmental R&D Employment does not contribute to ‘mass-market’ employment, despite its quite important role in reducing Youth-Unemployment. Despite the negative side-effects of Governmental R&D Employment on both GVA and GDP, University R&D Employment appears to have a quite important role in reducing Unemployment, especially Youth-Unemployment, while it also does not have a downside in terms of economic growth. Technological Capacity enhancement is the most effective instrument for reducing Unemployment and is a policy without any downside regarding sustainable economic development. © Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Facultad de Economía y Negocios.