Abstract
Recently, multi-carrier energy systems (MCESs) have been rapidly developed as flexible multi-generation systems aiming to satisfy load demands by purchasing, converting, and storing different energy carriers. This study specifically focuses on the optimal and robust large-scale coordination of interconnected energy hubs (IEHs) in an iterative consensus-based procedure considering distribution network losses. Furthermore, a new robustbased hybrid IGDT/consensus algorithm is introduced to achieve risk-averse optimal energy management in IEHs under uncertainty. The fast convergence, needless to collect the total information from all hubs, minimal computational burden, and more robust communication system are the most important features of the proposed distributed consensus algorithm in this study. The effectiveness of the proposed consensus algorithm is verified by simulation results considering various energy trading structures in IEHs at different scales. The obtained results highlight the scalability capability of the proposed method. Regarding an IEHS of 30 energy hubs, the computation burden is lightened by 0.53 (s) and 0.1917 (s), respectively with and without uncertainty. Considering distribution network losses, the total purchasing costs can be increased by 8%. The simulation results also reveal an increase of 11% in the total power trading under the uncertainty.

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract
Determining the transformer top-oil temperature (TOT) is one of the key issues in determining the transformer insulation life and reliability of the power system. Due to the non-linear nature of the model presented in the IEEE C57.91 standard to determine this temperature, a more precise method is needed to estimate the equation coefficients to estimate the TOT in the future. This paper presents a method for online thermal modelling of the transformer according to the IEEE C57.91 based on the Unscented Kalman filter (UKF). This method can be applied to transformers with a variety of cooling modes and estimates the TOT with an acceptable error. In order to evaluate the proposed method, the practical data of the 800 kVA distribution transformer with unknown equation coefficients and simulated data with known coefficients are used, and finally, by calculating the estimation error, the proper performance of the presented method is proved. It is proved that the proposed method predicts TOT even in the presence of noise with an error of less than 0.5 degrees C and a delay of less than 1.5 h. It makes the proposed method can be implemented for purposes such as load management, and insulation life estimation of the transformer.

Abstract

Abstract
Increasing the number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) imposes several challenges in power distribution networks. Developed Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) provides fast and efficient charging of EVs at the Public Charging Stations (PCS). These chargers benefit from balanced three-phase chargers with considerable power consumption. Hence, the optimal management and task scheduling for EVSE should be arranged in such a way as to avoid overloading network infrastructure or imposing new peaks on the distribution networks. On the other hand, energy management in the presence of high renewable energy penetration due to installed Photovoltaic (PV) panels at the low-voltage (LV) distribution network should be elaborated to minimize the renewable power curtailment. Hence, this paper presents a novel model to address the optimal scheduling of charging stations availability and unlocking the Demand Response (DR) potentials at the distribution networks with highly penetrated PV panels. The energy management model is represented as a standard Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem which can be solved by open-source solvers. The proposed model is tested for a real case study in Portugal to demonstrate the functionality of the developed tool. © 2024 IEEE.