Abstract
This study investigates the evolutionary impact of applying artificial intelligence (AI) technology to foreign language education. By employing complex systems thinking, the relationship between foreign language education and AI technology is explored, and dynamic models are employed to analyze the evolutionary patterns of AI technology in foreign language education. Through model analysis and numerical simulations, the interactive effects between foreign language education and AI technology in different modes are revealed. The findings demonstrate that, under different coupling modes, foreign language education and AI technology can achieve self-organizing evolution. When the interaction coefficient between foreign language education and AI technology is appropriately set, AI technology exhibits emergent properties for foreign language education. Lastly, suggestions are presented to promote the sound development of foreign language education and AI technology.

Abstract
Abstract The article focuses on the consumption of goods used by consumers of different generations from 3 different countries: Albania, Polish and Portugal. The aim of the analysis was to identify respondents‘ indications concerning: (1) knowledge of the definition of the circular economy, (2) declared by respondents places of purchase of used products and (3) type of purchased products used by respondents. The analysis was conducted among 495 respondents from Albania, Polish and Portugal representing three generations (X, Y, Z). Correspondence analysis was used for statistical data analysis. Statistically significant differences in knowledge of the definition of the circular economy were shown between respondents from Albania, Polish and Portugal. It was also found that respondents‘ preferences regarding the place of purchase of second-hand goods are differentiated (at a statistically significant level) by nationality and year of birth (generation). The obtained results open the possibility of further research aimed at identifying different behaviors among these groups of consumers. The presented work, both in the cognitive and application part, can be a source of knowledge and popularization of research, as well as a source of inspiration for in-depth reflection and scientific discussion. The analyses presented in the publication may complement the existing research in the field of circular economy. Extending the survey to other EU countries can help define a strategy for policymakers, manufacturers and retailers to make greater use of circular economy solutions, while maintaining the viability of their operations.

Abstract
Although the concept of Circular Economy (CE) has become popular in recent years, the transition towards a CE system requires a change in consumers' behaviour. However, there is still limited knowledge of consumers' efforts in CE initiatives. The present paper aims to analyse and compare consumers' behaviour towards circular approaches and compare the results on items like generation and demographics. 495 answers were collected through a questionnaire from 3 countries (Albania, Poland, and Portugal). Data collected was analysed mainly through a Crosstabs analysis to identify associations or different behaviours regarding nationality, gender, generation, education, and place of residence. From the paper's findings, we can emphasise that residents of EU countries seem to be more aware of the concept of circular economy. However, price is still a very important factor for EU residents when it comes to deciding on a greener purchase. Albanians (non-EU residents) tend to take a more linear approach when it comes to purchasing a new product regardless of its cost. Regarding the Digital Product Passport, a tool proposed by the European Commission through its Circular Economy Action Plan, non-EU residents have a better understanding of the concept. This tool seems to be more relevant for Millennials and Generation X. Generation Z, i.e., the tech generation, does not show an overwhelming propensity for technological options, such as online buying and digital technologies for a greener society.

Abstract
The main aim of the paper was to estimate the impact of older employees aged 55-74 on productivity compared with other age groups. The research (foundation of the paper) was conducted in 72 countries in the period 2000-2021. Countries were divided into three groups composed of 24 economies according to their GDP pc in 2021, i.e. the lowest GDP pc, the middle GDP pc, and the highest GDP pc countries. The study covered the five age and sex groups of employees: 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65-74. The Productive Capacities Index (PCI) built by UNCTAD and its selected categories were assumed to be dependent variables. The research results obtained for three groups of countries indicate that older employees had stronger positive impact on improving PCI than younger employees, especially on human capital development and private sector productivity. Our outcomes also suggest that older employees are better integrated than younger age groups with ICT tools that increase work productivity. To sum up, we can state that older employees can be a key factor in economic development due to their knowledge and experience, provided that others are willing to learn from them and they receive relevant organizational support.