Abstract
The adoption of open innovation poses significant challenges that are important to explore. Studies in this field have mainly focused on exploring the causes of the failure of open innovation among large companies. This study addresses this research gap by employing a sample of 297 Portuguese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to explore, through a quantitative study, whether the dimensions and causes of failure differ between large organizations and SMEs. A total of seven dimensions of causes of failure are considered, including strategy-related, organizational structure, organizational culture, knowledge and intellectual property management, management skill and action, resources, and interfirm collaboration. The findings reveal significant differences in four of these seven dimensions: the main causes of failure are related to the resources and management processes of open innovation in SMEs, while large companies face more challenges in the organizational structure and culture components. This study offers theoretical insights into the gaps in the literature to better understand the challenges facing open innovation. Furthermore, this study offers practical guidelines for SMEs to identify and mitigate these main obstacles, promoting better innovation management practices.

Abstract
This study explores the contribution of serious game teaching technology, such as FLIGBY, to the development of entrepreneurial learning outcomes in the context of an entrepreneurship course in higher education. The sample is composed of 551 students through the construction of a randomized pretest-posttest control group. A quantitative methodology is adopted through the development of a structured equation model that seeks to assess the effectiveness of FLIGBY in the development of three constructs related to the development of entrepreneurial skills, reduction in the perception of barriers associated with entrepreneurial activity and increase the entrepreneurial intention. The findings reveal that FLIGBY can effectively contribute to the development of the first two constructs. However, we found that it has no effect on the third construct because it was not possible to identify significant differences in the entrepreneurial intention of FLIGBY students with those of the control group. The results of this study are relevant in extending the understanding of the impact of adopting a serious game in the context of entrepreneurship education and also supports their role in the development of more immersive and student-centered training.

Abstract
Digital transformation in entrepreneurship education is an activity that has been taking place in higher education institutions, namely, through digital access to resources, simulations, and serious games. These activities have contributed to greater student engagement and to fostering personalized learning. Despite the recognized success of these activities, entrepreneurship education is still seen as an isolated and internally implemented activity, with few synergies with other institutions and external stakeholders. This study presents a proposal for an innovative technological platform that enables entrepreneurial projects to include students from various higher education institutions helping to build businesses worldwide. The proposed approach also involves integration with investors who can invest and offer mentoring services. A prototyping methodology was employed which provides benefits in terms of rapid iteration and feedback, enabling early visualization and testing of ideas, leading to improved design, functionality, and alignment with user needs. The results of this study show that the implemented solution addresses the critical success factors (CSFs) in the implementation of a crowdsourcing platform such as usability, scalability, transparency, security, monetary compensation, and social recognition. Finally, this study is mainly relevant for higher education institutions to revolutionize their higher education processes by adopting a collaborative approach that allows them to interact with several players on a global scale. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

Abstract
Sustainable development is crucial to ports due to the interconnection between port activities, the economy, and the environment. This study aims to explore how port digitalization initiatives played the role of promoting sustainable development. To this purpose, the author/authors adopted a mixed methods approach using as database the World Ports Sustainability Program, which features 74 port digitalization initiatives. The first step focused on a quantitative analysis of the distribution of said initiatives in terms of sustainable development goals, followed by a thematic analysis to explore their contribution. The findings indicate that more than 72% of ports addressed sustainable development goals 8, 9, 13, and 17. Digitalization initiatives in ports have mainly focused on improving their infrastructure and operational performance, enabling them to address climate change challenges. This work also recognized the role that partnerships can play in achieving this goal.

Abstract
Scrum was originally projected for environments with small teams working in the same place, where collaboration and physical proximity are key for success. Accordingly, it becomes relevant to explore how scrum can be implemented in geographically distributed teams. This study aims to identify a set of different types of practical distributed scrum implementation using three case studies with Portuguese software companies. Furthermore, it explores the main motivations for this migration, the challenges posed by the geographical dispersion of teams, and the benefits brought by this approach to organisations. The findings reveal three approaches for implementing distributed scrum considering the geographical location of the employees and the challenges that are posed in terms of communication, collaboration and coordination. These approaches enhance the theoretical knowledge in the field and help software companies to migrate from traditional scrum environments to large-scale distributed environments. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Abstract