Abstract
The scant literature that addresses issues related to the Technology Balance of Payments (TBP) often refers that a surplus balance may correspond to a high degree of technological autonomy, a low level of technology imports, or an inability to assimilate foreign technologies. It is not clear, however, from this literature whether, and to what extent, the balance of the TBP is related to countries' international competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to detail the evolution of the TBP for Southern European countries and to assess the extent to which it influences these countries' international competitiveness. Using static and dynamic panel data techniques on data for four Southern European countries (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain) between 2000 and 2017, our results highlight that a positive TBP significantly contributes to foster countries' international competitiveness.

Abstract
Most empirical research on the effects of the economic downturns has been a-spatial and overlooked the location choices of creative industries (CIs). The present study addresses an open debate on whether economic downturns have pushed a change in the relative importance of resilience-based versus traditional CIs location factors. Considering the location choices of 6332 CIs Portuguese start-ups in the period 2005-2012, we found that: (1) the crisis brought changes in the relative importance of location factors, enhancing traditional CI location factors such as technology and diminishing the relevance of resilience-based factors related to regions industrial specialisation; (2) resilience-based factors, such as industrial diversity, higher education, cultural and social networking and traditional CI factors, namely lower social inequality and life quality, were robust drivers for the emergence of new start-ups all over the period; and (3) although cultural policy significantly and positively support the emergence of new CIs start-ups in the crisis period, the austerity period reversed that role. Our results suggest that the sustainable development of regions implies encompassing public stimulus to the generation of a diversified, interdependent network of creative activities, able to enhance innovation through their own synergies and linkages with the rest of the economy.

Abstract
The issue of population ageing is no longer exclusively centred on developed countries. Empirical studies have proven that the rise in the proportion of the older age group has been already visible in the least developed countries (LDCs). The primary concern of population ageing in LDCs is that ageing is approaching LDCs even faster than approaching developing and developed countries. We found that despite the common factors such as human capital development, female participation in the labour market and economic growth, the annual growth rate of the ageing of LDCs highly depends on international aids (health care and development) and the rising number of emigrations over the working-age population. Our empirical results suggest that the existence of the ageing population in LDCs determine by the involvement of international bodies in supporting the welfare system of the country and the policy initiatives of developed countries in attracting migrant workers of LDCs to overcome the ageing problem in their countries.

Abstract
Purpose This study aims to understand why young people are interested in buying frugal innovations. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected with a survey administered to 534 university students enrolled in various fields of study (e.g. sciences, technology, economics and fine arts). Using the Tata Nano car as an example of frugal innovation, a model based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology was developed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings The model's results reveal that effort expectancy, performance expectancy and facilitating conditions are critical factors that explain university students' intention to buy Tata Nano. Originality/value Although frugal innovations are often introduced first in developing countries, frugal innovations could be highly relevant to users in developed nations as these innovations can provide market opportunities in terms of cost-conscious, relatively low-income and sustainability-conscious consumers.

Abstract
The factors required to achieve sustainable economic growth in a country are debated for decades, and empirical research in this regard continues to grow. Given the relevance of the topic and the absence of a comprehensive, systematic literature review, we used bibliometric techniques to examine and document several aspects in the empirical literature related to growth, from 1991 to 2020. Five main results are worth highlighting: (a) the share of empirical articles on economic growth show a clear upward trend; (b) among all the groups of countries considered, the emerging economies (EEs) have received the most scientific attention; (c) the economic growth processes of the Latin American and Caribbean EEs have observed negligible scientific attention; (d) the very long-run studies comprise a residual share among the empirical literature on growth; (e) the extant empirical studies on economic growth have addressed mainly the impact of “macroeconomic conditions.” Our findings suggest there is a need to redirect the empirical growth agenda, so as to encourage more scientific attention devoted to the analysis of key determinants of economic growth in the very long run. There should also be increased scrutiny of the processes of economic growth in Latin American and Caribbean EEs. © 2021 Emerging Markets Forum, Washington DC.

Abstract
Este estudo testa a multidimensionalidade de Universidade Empreendedora (UE) e visa aferir o respetivo contributo para a competitividade regional. Com base em 619 respostas de estudantes, professores e outros colaboradores de dez universidades públicas portuguesas, foi efetuada uma análise fatorial confirmatória e uma estimação de regressão linear múltipla. O construto da UE é confirmado, comprovando a adequação das escalas para o contexto destas universidades. Os resultados mostram que os cinco fatores associados à UE - processos internos, medidas de apoio ao empreendedorismo, colaboração internacional, estratégia de financiamento e estrutura organizacional - contribuem positivamente para a perceção de competitividade regional, acentuando a função das universidades públicas enquanto polos de transferência de conhecimento dinamizadores da competitividade regional.