Abstract

Abstract
The development of Metadata Application Profiles is done in several phases. According to the Me4MAP method, one of these phases is the creation of the domain model. This paper reports the validation process of a domain model developed under the project POSTDATA - Poetry Standardization and Linked Open Data. The development of the domain model ran with two steps of construction and two of validation. The validation steps drew on the participation of specialists in European poetry and the use of real resources. On the first validation we used tables with information about resources related properties and for which the experts had to fill certain fields like, for examples, the values. The second validation used a XML framework to control the input of values in the model. The validation process allowed us to find and fix flaws in the domain model that would otherwise have been passed to the Description Set Profile and possibly would only be found after implementing the application profile in a real case.

Abstract
Over 2.5 million scientific articles are published annually, totaling 6,849.32 per day in 2015; in 2018 this value was increased to over 3 million articles, totaling 8.219,18 per day [1]. Thus, finding the most relevant Research Outputs (ROs), such as articles, theses, patents, among others, is increasingly difficult due, in part, to the existing interfaces returning massive lists of results. The project aims to develop and test a platform that incorporates social data for capturing various usage metrics to define a new metric that we call Social Scholarly Experience Metrics (SSEM) and a new visualization technique that, jointly, will support the fast access to find relevant ROs.

Abstract
This article presents a work-in-progress version of a Dublin Core Application Profile (DCAP) developed to serve the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE). Studies revealed that this community is interested in implementing both internal interoperability between their Web platforms to build a global SSE e-marketplace, and external interoperability among their Web platforms and external ones. The Dublin Core Application Profile for Social and Solidarity Economy (DCAP-SSE) serves this purpose. SSE organisations are submerged in the market economy but they have specificities not taken into account in this economy. The DCAP-SSE integrates terms from well-known metadata schemas, Resource Description Framework (RDF) vocabularies or ontologies, in order to enhance interoperability and take advantage of the benefits of the Linked Open Data ecosystem. It also integrates terms from the new essglobal RDF vocabulary which was created with the goal to respond to the SSE-specific needs. The DCAPSSE also integrates five new Vocabulary Encoding Schemes to be used with DCAP-SSE properties. The DCAP development was based on a method for the development of application profiles (Me4MAP). We believe that this article has an educational value since it presents the idea that it is important to base DCAP developments on a method. This article shows the main results of applying such a method.

Abstract
This report is framed in a research in progress project that has as goal the development of a method for the development of Dublin Core Application Pro les (Me4DCAP). The development of the rst version of Me4DCAP has been published. This paper describes in detail Me4DCAP V0.1, showing the sources used to justify its design. Me4DCAP was based in a Design Science Research methodological approach. It has as starting point the Singapore framework for Dublin Core Application Pro les (DCAP) and the Rational Uni ed Process; and integrates also knowledge from: (i) software development processes and techniques, focusing on the early stages of the processes that deal with data modeling; and from (ii) the practices of the metadata community concerning DCAP development. Me4DCAP establishes the way through the DCAP development. It establishes when activities must take place, how they interconnect, and which deliverables they will bring about; it also suggests which techniques should be used to build these deliverables.

Abstract
A Web Semântica (WS) é um paradigma da Web que surgiu com o intuito de ligar dados, permitindo a partilha de conteúdos para além das fronteiras das aplicações e dos sítios Web. Neste contexto, um perfil de aplicação de metadados (PA) é um constructo genérico para desenhar registos de metadados que satisfazem necessidades específicas das aplicações, proporcionando interoperabilidade semântica com outras aplicações. Esse desenho dos registos de metadados tem como base vocabulários e modelos definidos globalmente pela comunidade de metadados. A Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, provavelmente a mais conhecida e mais importante iniciativa a nível mundial no que diz respeito a metadados, definiu um modelo abstracto (Dublin Core Abstract Model) onde um dos constructos é o Dublin Core Aplication Profile (DCAP). A DCMI refere que a utilização de um DCAP é essencial para implementar interoperabilidade no contexto da WS. A concepção, o desenvolvimento e a implementação de modelos, sendo um processo complexo, necessitam de um suporte metodológico; um DCAP não foge a essa regra. Por essa razão, realizámos o estudo do estado da arte dos métodos para o desenvolvimento de PA, com o sentido de fazer o levantamento das práticas da comunidade de metadados no desenvolvimento de PA. Este estudo revelou que até à data não existe nenhum método para o desenvolvimento de um PA ou DCAP. O objectivo deste projecto de doutoramento foi o de fornecer um primeiro contributo para um tal método. A concepção do Method for the develoment of DCAP (Me4DCAP) teve como suporte: (i) as primeiras fases (até à modelação de dados) dos métodos de desenvolvimento de software; (ii) os resultados de entrevistas realizadas a desenvolvedores DCAP; (iii) as práticas identificadas no estudo já referido do estado da arte dos métodos para desenvolvimento de PA. O Me4DCAP tem como base o Singapore Framework for DCAP, e como ponto de partida o Rational Unified Process, um dos mais conhecidos e utilizados processos de desenvolvimento de software. Para realizar o nosso trabalho utilizámos a metodologia de investigação Design Science Research (DSR), no enquadramento particular para a área dos Sistemas de Informação dos três ciclos de Hevner (2007). Este enquadramento define a possibilidade da utilização de uma situação real, a que Hevner chama de “situação experimental”, para a execução de ciclos de construção-avaliação, onde o artefacto em construção - no nosso caso o Me4DCAP - vai sendo avaliado na situação experimental e redefinido, num processo iterativo. A situação experimental por nós utilizada foi o desenvolvimento de um DCAP para os Sistemas de Informação Web da comunidade mundial de Economia Social e Solidária (ESS). Esse desenvolvimento foi realizado conjuntamente com um grupo que saiu do seio da comunidade da ESS mundial. Este trabalho, identificado como uma oportunidade, resultou num DCAP-ESS. O Me4DCAP foi validado através de um grupo de discussão integrado numa conferência da especialidade, e ainda através de um Focus Group com sete especialistas mundiais de metadados. Como resultados deste doutoramento obtivemos o Me4DCAP V1.0 e o DCAP-ESS V 1.0.;The Semantic Web (SW) is a Web paradigm that emerged with the aim of linking data, enabling content share beyond the borders of Web applications and Web sites. In this context, a metadata application profile (AP) is a generic construct to design metadata records that satisfy specific needs of the applications, enabling semantic interoperability with other applications. This metadata record design is based on vocabularies and models globally defined by the metadata community. The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI), probably the best known and most important global initiative with regard to metadata, defined an abstract model (Dublin Core Abstract Model) where one of its constructs is the Dublin Core Application Profile (DCAP). DCMI states that the use of a DCAP is very important in order to implement interoperability in the context of the SW. The conception, development and implementation of models need a methodological support since they are complex processes. Therefore, in order to understand the metadata community practices in the development of AP, we performed the study of the state of the art of the methods for the development of AP. This study revealed that until now there is no method for the development of an AP. The goal of this PhD project was to develop a first approach to such a method. The design of the Method for the development of DCAP (Me4DCAP) had as support: (i) the first stages (up to the data modeling) of software development; (ii) the results of interviews conducted to DCAP developers, (iii) the practices identified in the state of the art of the methods for AP development. Me4DCAP is based on the Singapore Framework for DCAP, and has as starting point the Rational Unified Process, one of the best known and most used software development processes. We used the research methodology Design Science Research (DSR) in our work, and the “three cycles” Information Systems specific framework defined by Hevner (2007). This framework defines the possibility of using a real situation, called by Hevner (2007) as the “experimental situation”, for the execution of the construction-evaluation cycles. In these cycles the artifact in development – in our case Me4DCAP – is being evaluated in the experimental situation, and with the feedbacks from this evaluation, it is redefined, in an iterative process. The experimental situation we used was the development of a DCAP for the Web based information systems of the Social Solidarity Economy (SSE) world community (DCAP-SSE). The DCAP-SSE development was jointly undertaken with a group from the world SSE community. This work, identified as an opportunity, resulted in a DCAP-SSE V1.0. The Me4DCAP was validated through a discussion group integrated in a metadata community international conference, and in a Focus Group with seven metadata world experts. This PhD has as results the Me4DCAP V1.0 and the DCAP-SSE V 1.0.