Abstract
This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the current state of Primary Health Care, specifically in terms of efficiency and user satisfaction at 8 Health Centers in Praia City, Cape Verde, observed in 2017, 2018, 2020 and 2021. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model with input orientation and Constant Returns of Scale (CRS) is used to measure operational efficiency, and the income to expenditure ratio is used to measure economic and financial efficiency. User satisfaction is assessed using a questionnaire survey involving 408 respondents. The results indicate that 8 Decision-Making Units (DMUs) are operationally efficient. Regarding economic and financial efficiency, the ratios observed were generally higher than 1 in the different Health Centers analyzed. The satisfaction results show that most users are satisfied with the organization and services provided by the Health Centers. However, some improvements are needed in all the categories evaluated. A positive association between operational efficiency and the economic and financial efficiency ratio stands out as a result of comparing the different types of efficiency. Operational efficiency shows a negative relationship with the dimensions of satisfaction related to organization, service process, medical and nursing services, but this relationship is only statistically significant for the service process.

Abstract
Deep-learning beat-tracking algorithms have achieved remarkable accuracy in recent years. However, despite these advancements, challenges persist with musical examples featuring complex rhythmic structures, especially given their under-representation in training corpora. Expanding on our prior work, this paper demonstrates how our user-centred beat-tracking methodology effectively handles increasingly demanding musical scenarios. We evaluate its adaptability and robustness through musical pieces that exhibit rhythmic dissonance, while maintaining ease of integration with leading methods through minimal user annotations. The selected musical works-Uruguayan Candombe, Colombian Bambuco, and Steve Reich's Piano Phase-present escalating levels of rhythmic complexity through their respective polyrhythm, polymetre, and polytempo characteristics. These examples not only validate our method's effectiveness but also demonstrate its capability across increasingly challenging scenarios, culminating in the novel application of beat tracking to polytempo contexts. The results show notable improvements in terms of the F-measure, ranging from 2 to 5 times the state-of-the-art performance. The beat annotations used in fine-tuning reduce the correction edit operations from 1.4 to 2.8 times, while reducing the global annotation effort to between 16% and 37% of the baseline approach. Our experiments demonstrate the broad applicability of our human-in-theloop strategy in the domain of Computational Ethnomusicology, confronting the prevalent Music Information Retrieval (MIR) constraints found in non-Western musical scenarios. Beyond beat tracking and computational rhythm analysis, this user-driven adaptation framework suggests wider implications for various MIR technologies, particularly in scenarios where musical signal ambiguity and human subjectivity challenge conventional algorithms.

Abstract
The entrepreneurial performance of new ventures operating within the sustainable open innovation paradigm remains underexplored, particularly in terms of how specific sustainability-oriented practices translate into measurable performance outcomes. Prior research has largely examined sustainability, entrepreneurship, and open innovation in isolation, offering limited empirical evidence on their combined effects at the early venture stage. To address this gap, this study analyzes panel data from 407 new ventures incubated in science and technology parks, employing regression-based panel data analysis to examine the relationships between sustainable practices, open innovation engagement, and entrepreneurial performance. The findings suggest that new ventures widely adopt sustainable materials and energy as key strategies, which significantly influence entrepreneurial performance. In contrast, support from local communities does not have a statistically significant impact. Among the sociodemographic factors tested, only the number of years participating in open innovation networks shows a significant effect on entrepreneurial performance. Theoretically, this study advances sustainable open innovation literature by empirically integrating sustainability practices into entrepreneurship performance models. From a managerial perspective, the findings offer actionable insights for entrepreneurs and incubator managers, highlighting which sustainability strategies and network engagements are most likely to yield performance benefits in new ventures.

Abstract
The main aim of this chapter is to analyze the potential of the metaverse in the context of religious marketing. Positioned within the wider process of digitalization, the chapter examines how digital channels, from websites and social media to immersive environments, create opportunities for religious institutions to reach, engage, and involve their audiences. Several illustrations of uses of digital platforms, applications, virtual reality, and the metaverse are presented and discussed. Particular attention is given to the opportunities offered by the metaverse, while also acknowledging the challenges of adoption and the need for strategies aligned with institutional values and the expectations of faith communities. © 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved..

Abstract

Abstract
Alloy is a lightweight formal method that is well suited to teaching logic because it combines expressive logics with automatic analysis and visual feedback. In this paper, we report our experience using specification challenges on the Alloy4Fun platform in our formal methods courses. We briefly describe the types of challenges we have used over the years and discuss how different hints can help students make progress in solving them. Our main conclusion is that specification challenges are highly engaging and useful for students, but they should be balanced with broader modeling and validation activities to support long-term learning outcomes. They are also useful for research, because Alloy4Fun’s data-collection infrastructure enables the release of open datasets that can be mined for insights into Alloy usage and for the evaluation of new tools and techniques. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.