Abstract
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) rapidly expand within industrial contexts in a new era of digitalization, processing power, and inter-device communication capabilities. These advancements integrate technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and cloud and edge computing, granting processes and operations a high degree of autonomy. In addition, these interconnections foster collective intelligence arising from information exchange and collaboration between components, often outperforming individual capabilities. This collective intelligence manifests in fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) tasks within CPS, as it significantly improves the flexibility, performance, and scalability. However, the inherent complexity of CPS poses challenges in determining the best configuration of the collaboration parameters, such as when and how to collaborate, wherein incorrect adjustments may lead to decision errors and compromise the system's performance. With this in mind, this paper proposes seven metrics to evaluate collaboration performance for fault detection and diagnosis in multi-agent systems (MAS)-based CPS, evaluating when the collaboration is beneficial or when the collaboration parameters need to be adjusted. The experiments focus on collaborative fault detection in temperature and humidity sensors within warehouse racks, where the proposed evaluation metrics point out the impact of collaboration on the detection task, as well as possible actions to be adopted to improve the agent's performance. © 2024 IEEE.

Abstract
Shopping on the Internet is now an everyday activity for consumers. An understanding of which constructs are relevant in this activity is of crucial importance for online stores to adapt their strategies. The existence of a holistic model with these relevant constructs, however, is lacking in the literature. This research is exploratory in nature. The study aimed to identify the constructs that are closely and consistently related to the customer experience in online stores. In the literature review, 15 constructs were identified. They are web content, customer service, service quality, terms and conditions, digital channels, security and privacy, brand, perceived price, perceived risk, word of mouth, perceived value, trust, satisfaction, and loyalty. The review of the literature also revealed the imperative of building or revising the measurement scales of those constructs that were identified to allow for their operationalization. For this reason, a questionnaire with scales that have been adapted from several authors has also been proposed. This questionnaire has a feasible number of questions to be answered. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

Abstract
Quantification of erythrocytes and leukocytes is an essential aspect of hemogram diagno- 23 sis in Veterinary Medicine. Flow cytometry analysis, laser scattering, and impedance detection are 24 standard laboratory techniques, verified by manual microscopy counting. Although single-cell scat- 25 tering is already used as a standard technology for differentiating cell counts in flow cytometry, it 26 requires capillary cell separation. The current study investigates the scattering characteristics of 27 whole blood to identify correlations with erythrocytes and leukocytes counts. The scattering infor- 28 mation present in blood samples can be classified into three types: i) geometrical scattering, which 29 occurs when non-absorbed light is reflected and scattered, ii) Mie scattering, which happens when 30 light is scattered by particles of a similar size to the wavelength, and iii) Rayleigh scattering, which occurs when light is scattered by particles that are smaller than the incident light wavelength. In 32 this study, we investigate the scattering correction coefficients of dog blood absorption spectra in 33 the visible-near infrared range, to establish direct correlations with erythrocytes and leukocytes 34 counts, using multivariate linear regression. Our findings demonstrate the possibility of using the 35 scattering properties of dog blood, which is a step towards the existence of a portable and miniatur- 36 ized hemogram diagnosis in Veterinary Clinics worldwide.

Abstract
This paper fits in the theory of international agreements by studying the success of stable coalitions of agents seeking the preservation of a public good. Extending Baliga and Maskin, we consider a model of N homogeneous agents with quasi-linear utilities of the form u(j) (r(j); r) = r(alpha) - r(j), where r is the aggregate contribution and the exponent alpha is the elasticity of the gross utility. When the value of the elasticity alpha increases in its natural range (0, 1), we prove the following five main results in the formation of stable coalitions: (i) the gap of cooperation, characterized as the ratio of the welfare of the grand coalition to the welfare of the competitive singleton coalition grows to infinity, which we interpret as a measure of the urge or need to save the public good; (ii) the size of stable coalitions increases from 1 up to N; (iii) the ratio of the welfare of stable coalitions to the welfare of the competitive singleton coalition grows to infinity; (iv) the ratio of the welfare of stable coalitions to the welfare of the grand coalition decreases (a lot), up to when the number of members of the stable coalition is approximately N/e and after that it increases (a lot); and (v) the growth of stable coalitions occurs with a much greater loss of the coalition members when compared with free-riders. Result (v) has two major drawbacks: (a) A priori, it is difficult to convince agents to be members of the stable coalition and (b) together with results (i) and (iv), it explains and leads to the pessimistic Barrett's paradox of cooperation, even in a case not much considered in the literature: The ratio of the welfare of the stable coalitions against the welfare of the grand coalition is small, even in the extreme case where there are few (or a single) free-riders and the gap of cooperation is large. Optimistically, result (iii) shows that stable coalitions do much better than the competitive singleton coalition. Furthermore, result (ii) proves that the paradox of cooperation is resolved for larger values of.. so that the grand coalition is stabilized.

Abstract
In the field of autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) landing, conventional approaches fall short in delivering not only the required precision but also the resilience against environmental disturbances. Yet, learning-based algorithms can offer promising solutions by leveraging their ability to learn the intelligent behaviour from data. On one hand, this paper introduces a novel multimodal transformer-based Deep Learning detector, that can provide reliable positioning for precise autonomous landing. It surpasses standard approaches by addressing individual sensor limitations, achieving high reliability even in diverse weather and sensor failure conditions. It was rigorously validated across varying environments, achieving optimal true positive rates and average precisions of up to 90%. On the other hand, it is proposed a Reinforcement Learning (RL) decision-making model, based on a Deep Q-Network (DQN) rationale. Initially trained in simulation, its adaptive behaviour is successfully transferred and validated in a real outdoor scenario. Furthermore, this approach demonstrates rapid inference times of approximately 5ms, validating its applicability on edge devices.

Abstract
VR (Virtual Reality) is a technology that has been gaining more and more traction over the years, with a market that keeps on increasing in size and great opportunities. This research aims to obtain a better grasp on how VR will impact the future of omnichannel marketing, with a focus on retail. Some businesses have already begun taking advantage of these technologies. They coordinate the integration of both physical and digital channels used to interact with customers in order to improve the customer experience. VR is one such channel, and it offers consumers a whole new way to do their shopping. As technology evolves, it is important that businesses and people stay informed in order to adapt to an ever-changing market. VR is an innovative technology that a lot of potential companies could take advantage of and even gain a competitive advantage over other businesses. Through VR people and businesses are able to access the metaverse. The metaverse is a digital world parallel to our own where customers can interact with brands and their virtual products. By interacting with a virtual version of a product, consumers will have a better grasp of the product they are interested in and make better decisions when purchasing the real one. This not only raises consumer satisfaction but could also be very useful. To fully grasp what VR is capable of, a literature review was performed to understand what VR is in fact and how the metaverse can be used. Finally, a Prisma systematic review will be presented with the research question “How VR will impact the future of omnichannel marketing?”. This was done in order to obtain unbiased data from which conclusions can be drawn. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.