Alexandre Amaral Oliveira

Abstract
This paper presents the implementation of an innovative solution based on heterogeneous autonomous vehicles to tackle maritime pollution (in particular, oil spills). This solution is based on native microbial consortia with bioremediation capacity, and the adaptation of air and surface autonomous vehicles for in situ release of autochthonous microorganisms (bioaugmentation) and nutrients (biostimulation). By doing so, these systems can be applied as the first line of the response to pollution incidents from several origins that may occur inside ports, around industrial and extraction facilities, or in the open sea during transport activities in a fast, efficient, and low-cost way. The paper describes the work done in the development of a team of autonomous vehicles able to carry as payload, native organisms to naturally degrade oil spills (avoiding the introduction of additional chemical or biological additives), and the development of a multi-robot framework for efficient oil spill mitigation. Field tests have been performed in Portugal and Spain's harbors, with a simulated oil spill, and the coordinate oil spill task between the autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) ROAZ and the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) STORK has been validated.

Abstract
Over the last few years, Man-Machine collaborative systems have been increasingly present in daily routines. In these systems, one operator usually controls the machine through explicit commands and assesses the information through a graphical user interface. Direct & implicit interaction between the machine and the user does not exist. This work presents a man-machine symbiotic concept & system where such implicit interaction is possible targeting search and rescue scenarios. Based on measuring physiological variables (e.g. body movement or electrocardiogram) through wearable devices, this system is capable of computing the psycho-physiological state of the human and autonomously identify abnormal situations (e.g. fall or stress). This information is injected into the control loop of the machine that can alter its behavior according to it, enabling an implicit man-machine communication mechanism. A proof of concept of this system was tested at the ARTEX (ARmy Technological EXperimentation) exercise organized by the Portuguese Army involving a military agent and a drone. During this event the soldier was equipped with a kit of wearables that could monitor several physiological variables and automatically detect a fall during a mission. This information was continuously sent to the drone that successfully identified this abnormal situation triggering the take-off and a situation awareness fly-by flight pattern, delivering a first-aid kit to the soldier in case he did not recover after a pre-determined time period. The results were very positive, proving the possibility and feasibility of a symbiotic system between humans and machines.

Abstract
The deployment of offshore wind turbines (WTs) has emerged as a pivotal strategy in the transition to renewable energy, offering significant potential for clean electricity generation. However, these structures’ operation and maintenance (O&M) present unique challenges due to their remote locations and harsh marine environments. For these reasons, it is fundamental to promote the development of autonomous solutions to monitor the health condition of the construction parts, preventing structural damage and accidents. This paper explores the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the inspection and maintenance of offshore wind turbines, introducing a new strategy for autonomous wind turbine inspection and a simulation environment for testing and training autonomous inspection techniques under a more realistic offshore scenario. Instead of relying on visual information to detect the WT parts during the inspection, this method proposes a three-dimensional (3D) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) method that estimates the wind turbine pose (position, orientation, and blade configuration) and autonomously controls the UAV for a close inspection maneuver. The first tests were carried out mainly in a simulation framework, combining different WT poses, including different orientations, blade positions, and wind turbine movements, and finally, a mixed reality test, where a real vehicle performed a full inspection of a virtual wind turbine.

Abstract
Offshore wind farms are becoming the main alternative to fossil fuels and the future key to mitigating climate change by achieving energy sustainability. With favorable indicators in almost every environmental index, these structures operate under varying and dynamic environmental conditions, leading to efficiency losses and sudden failures. For these reasons, it's fundamental to promote the development of autonomous solutions to monitor the health condition of the construction parts, preventing structural damage and accidents. This paper introduces a new simulation environment for testing and training autonomous inspection techniques under a more realistic offshore wind farm scenario. Combining the Gazebo simulator with ROS, this framework can include multi-robots with different sensors to operate in a customizable simulation environment regarding some external elements (fog, wind, buoyancy...). The paper also presents a use case composed of a 3D LiDAR-based technique for autonomous wind turbine inspection with UAV, including point cloud clustering, model estimation, and the preliminary results under this simulation framework using a mixed environment (offshore simulation with a real UAV platform).

Abstract