Abstract
This paper proposes a multiple-lens receiver scheme to increase the misalignment tolerance of an underwater optical wireless communications link between an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a sensor plane. An accurate model of photon propagation based on the Monte Carlo simulation is presented which accounts for the lens(es) photon refraction at the sensor interface and angular misalignment between the emitter and receiver. The results show that the ideal divergence of the beam of the emitter is around 15 degrees for a 1 m transmission length, increasing to 22 degrees for a shorter distance of 0.5 m but being independent of the water turbidity. In addition, it is concluded that a seven-lense scheme is approximately three times more tolerant to offset than a single lens. A random forest machine learning algorithm is also assessed for its suitability to estimate the offset and angle of the AUV in relation to the fixed sensor, based on the power distribution of each lens, in real time. The algorithm is able to estimate the offset and angular misalignment with a mean square error of 5 mm (6 mm) and 0.157 rad (0.174 rad) for a distance between the transmitter and receiver of 1 m and 0.5 m, respectively.

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation of sigma-delta modulation (SDM) as a means of improving the performance of underwater optical communication systems. The study considers the impact of the key parameters of SDM, including oversampling ratio, the system's signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and optical link distance. The results of this study provide insights into the design and optimization of SDM-based underwater optical communication systems, paving the way for future research in this field. A fully digital solution, albeit operating at a lower bit rate than previously published OFDM counterparts, provides immunity against nonlinearities of the system and robustness to noise, which is relevant in harsh environments. Moreover, the proposed solution based on a first-order bandpass SDM architecture avoids the employment of a DAC at the receiver, simplifying its operation and reducing costs. An experimental investigation is carried out for the transmission of 16-QAM over SDM, and a transmission distance of 4.8 m over the underwater channel is achieved with a maximum transmission rate of 400 Mbit/s with an MER of 28 dB.

Abstract
A low-cost single-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antenna is proposed for millimeter-wave applications. The structure is designed to operate at the W-band. The T-shaped slot antenna is placed on the back-side of the SIW and fed by a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) transmission line. A transition between the (GCPW) and the SIW is also designed. The simulated results provide that the antenna has a stable gain over the frequency range (98.79-100.56) GHz with a maximum value of around 6 dBi also high radiation efficiency.

Abstract
This paper proposes the use of a Gaussian window on the array factor as an interference mitigation method, aiming to avoid the computational complexity of the MVDR algorithm at the cost of a slight performance reduction. We show that by optimizing the parameters of the Gaussian window, it is possible to effectively mitigate the interfering signal if it is received within a certain angular range from the desired signal, while being still effective beyond that range. Finally, we show that the effectiveness of this approach is maintained across the full frequency reception range of the Ka-band, and confirm its validity using 8 × 8 and 16 × 16 array sizes. © 2022 IEEE.

Abstract
Featured Application Short-range millimetre wave communications. The design of a uniformly spaced 1 x 4 linear antenna array using epitaxial layers of benzocyclobutene over an InP substrate is demonstrated. The array elements are conjugately matched with a uni-travelling carrier photodiode at the input. The phased array is optimised to counteract mutual coupling effects by introducing metal strips with isolated ground planes for each radiating element. The proposed antenna array can provide a gain of 10 dBi with a gain variation of +/- 3 dB. The array operates over a bandwidth of 10 GHz (295-305 GHz) with a wide scanning angle of 100 degrees in the broadside.