Abstract
This paper studies the suitability of the novel Light Quasi-Peak (Light-QP) measurement method to assess the high-frequency disturbances generated by the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, by comparing the performance of the new method with respect to the standardized CISPR 16-1-1 method. For this purpose, the quasi-peak (QP) outputs obtained by both methods are compared, a statistical study of the differences in the spectral results is performed and the computational requirements of the two methods are evaluated. This paper demonstrates that the novel Light-QP method is a lighter technique to assess the QP amplitude of the conducted disturbances, as it requires 10 times less Fourier transforms and at least less than 90 % storage to process a 3 s length measurement. Furthermore, the QP outputs provided by the Light-QP method are comparable to the outputs of a digital implementation of the CISPR 16, since the differences in results are within the uncertainty limits defined in IEC 61000-4-30 standard for power-quality instruments in the CISPR Band A. The Light-QP method could be essential for the detection of the V2G disturbances in low-voltage grid, since it can be easily implemented in inexpensive power quality measurement instruments. The Light-QP method was presented in the IEC SC77 A WG9 for its possible inclusion in the next edition of IEC 61000-4-30 standard. © 2023 IEEE.

Abstract
This work addresses the wind farm (WF) optimization layout considering several substations. It is given a set of wind turbines jointly with a set of substations, and the goal is to obtain the optimal design to minimize the infrastructure cost and the cost of electrical energy losses during the wind farm lifetime. The turbine set is partitioned into subsets to assign to each substation. The cable type and the connections to collect wind turbine-produced energy, forwarding to the corresponding substation, are selected in each subset. The technique proposed uses a genetic algorithm (GA) and an integer linear programming (ILP) model simultaneously. The GA creates a partition in the turbine set and assigns each of the obtained subsets to a substation to optimize a fitness function that corresponds to the minimum total cost of the WF layout. The fitness function evaluation requires solving an ILP model for each substation to determine the optimal cable connection layout. This methodology is applied to four onshore WFs. The obtained results show that the solution performance of the proposed approach reaches up to 0.17% of economic savings when compared to the clustering with ILP approach (an exact approach).

Abstract
The increase in renewable generation of a distributed nature has brought significant new challenges to power and energy system management and operation. Self-consumption in buildings is widespread, and with it rises the need for novel, adaptive and intelligent building energy management systems. Although there is already extensive research and development work regarding building energy management solutions, the capabilities for adaptation and contextualization of decisions are still limited. Consequently, this paper proposes a novel contextual rule-based system for energy management in buildings, which incorporates a contextual dimension that enables the adaptability of the system according to diverse contextual situations and the presence of multiple users with different preferences. Results of a case study based on real data show that the contextualization of the energy management process can maintain energy costs as low as possible, while respecting user preferences and guaranteeing their comfort.

Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous term climate neutral cities, there is a distinct lack of quantifiable and meaningful municipal decarbonization goals in terms of the targeted energy balance and composition that collectively connect to national scenarios. In this paper we present a simple but useful allocation approach to derive municipal targets for energy demand reduction and renewable expansion based on national energy transition strategies in combination with local potential estimators. The allocation uses local and regional potential estimates for demand reduction and the expansion of renewables and differentiates resulting municipal needs of action accordingly. The resulting targets are visualized and opened as a decision support system (DSS) on a web-platform to facilitate the discussion on effort sharing and potential realization in the decarbonization of society. With the proposed framework, different national scenarios, and their implications for municipal needs for action can be compared and their implications made explicit.

Abstract
The increasing number of vehicle to grid (V2G) charging stations connected to the electrical grid changes the characteristics of electrical distribution grids. Active power electronics introduces additional capacitance and inductance to the electrical grid and affects the frequency dependent grid impedance. This study shows the impact of a V2G charging station to the frequency dependent grid impedance up to 500 kHz. The LCL filter, the DC link capacitor and inductors cause parallel and series resonances. Resonance frequencies appear in a wide frequency range starting from 500 Hz up to 30 kHz. It is shown that the V2G charger can represent a source of supraharmonic emissions and the importance to consider supraharmonic emissions and the frequency dependent grid impedance to determine the impact of V2G chargers (active power electronics) to the electrical grid is outlined.

Abstract