Abstract
The public transport system integrates a complex ecosystem, composed not only by transport operators and travellers but also by other services such as schools, firms, restaurants, museums, banks, and public establishments. Therefore, by adopting a holistic point of view, we propose a new service approach linking city services and public transport. This approach consists in partnerships that may include discounts, combined packages, reduced prices, deals and marketing campaigns, targeted to each specific audience. In order to develop these partnerships it is important to analyse the services located around the stations and the public transport usage. We use the city of Porto, Portugal, as an illustrative example and we rely on two data sources: Automated Fare Collection system data and business data points. The analysis of both datasets allowed us to determine the level of concentration of city services located around public transport stations and to identify the types of services that tend to agglomerate near the stations. We were also able to analyse the correlation between the number of travel card validations and the number of services located around the stations. Finally we present a case of a service exposure to different demographic segments.

Abstract
The worldwide economic and financial crisis is trigger g a number of difficulties to several sectors, including public transport industry. Public Transport Operators (PTOs) have fewer resources to invest, nevertheless they need to achieve good results and improve their service offerings. Therefore, this paper aims to present an innovative ticketing solution based on customers' mobile devices, which intends to minimize the investment cost from the PTOs and customers' perspective, maximizing consumer's acceptance. The proposed solution doesn't require any interaction with PTOs infrastructures to purchase or validate a ticket, being solely based on customers' mobile devices with an internet connection. The approach presented in this paper is the result of a project involving the major PTO in Porto city and customers who contributed to the design, requirements elicitation and evaluation of the system. A prototype of the system has already been tested by a group of potential users. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Abstract
The use of mobile phones to make payments is already a wide-spreading reality. While some mobile payment solutions achieved a considerable success and are already in use, others failed in the pilot phase. Nevertheless, there is an area where mobile payments have been quite successful: mobile ticketing in public transport. In fact, there are several advantages of mobile ticketing over traditional ticketing systems, such as queue avoidance, ubiquitous and remote access to payment, and the lack of need to carry coins and cash. This paper intends to propose a mobile payment system to be implemented in the Public Transport of Metropolitan Area of Oporto. After defining the payment ticketing model, a prototype was developed and tested by a sample of users. These tests allowed gathering some feedback about the feasibility of the system as well as useful insights about the concept, new in public transport in Portugal. The findings attained so far suggest that users considered the system extremely useful, since it is more convenient than traditional systems, improving the travelling process and experience. It was also clear that users valued the integration of additional and complementary services with mobile payments, such as real-time traffic information, maps and schedules. There are also several barriers to the adoption of such a system elicited by users, such as premium price, complex interfaces and perceived risks, such as security and privacy concerns.

Abstract
The adoption of mobile payment systems is known to face multiple concerns regarding security, usability and value proposition. In this work, we start from the assumption that initial acceptance will always be weak because of the lack of an established usage frame. Instead, we focus on understanding how we can leverage upon the real contact with the technology to create a solid path for gradual acceptance through the development of new practices and the increasing perception of value. In this study, we report on our findings with a real-world prototype of a NFC-based payment system. We identify a set of design lessons that may help to improve the initial phases of NFC-based payment deployments and provide a path for the adoption that focuses on positive initial user experiences and early adoption scenarios. © Springer International Publishing 2013.

Abstract
Automated Fare Collection (AFC) systems produce a large amount of very detailed data, which analysis may be very useful to authorities and transport planners to define future service delivery strategies. Such analysis can be further improved by relating to other data sources, such as points-of-interest (POI) data. As a result public transport operators are able to identify the city service providers with whom it would be more interesting to establish partnerships and propose joint value propositions benefiting both service providers. The objective of such partnerships is to attract new customers and retain those that already exist by providing combined offers, discounts or loyalty schemes. The potential of such analysis is demonstrated by using data related to the city of Porto, Portugal. This study relies on two different data sources: AFC system data and points-of interest data. Urban mobility data is used to identify mobility patterns of different segments of passengers and points-of-interest data is used to analyse the type of services that are likely to concentrate around public transport stations. The results allowed to identify the potential city services to establish partnerships according to the mobility profiles of passengers and the concentration levels of services around public transport stations. © 2019, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

Abstract
Many public transport mobile ticket solutions have arisen but new technologies can face difficulties when launched for a number of reasons that are directly addressed by usability evaluation - a central process in developing usable, hence useful high quality systems with which humans can interact. This paper presents a usability testing performed in context of use of a recently developed public transport mobile ticketing solution for the Metropolitan Area of Porto, Portugal. The objective was to determine if the application is easy to use and navigate for the average user and to generate valuable suggestions for making the app more user-friendly and tasks such as using public transport services and understanding fares quicker and less complicated. Along with problems detected, a list of recommendations by order of importance for improving usability aspects of the mobile application was provided. This study aims to inform developers about usability practices for making mobile ticketing solutions easier to use and stimulate its wider adoption.