Abstract
The number of smartphone users has increased significantly, and the development of mobile applications has brought convenience to daily life. However, large numbers of users who have various barriers, such as visual or hearing impairments, and physical disorders, are not able to fully access and use the referred applications, which is unfair to them, especially when considering its use by students in a university campus where all users should be able to enjoy equal opportunities and experiences. The main goal of this study is to assess accessibility in mobile applications of the education sector. Thus, an evaluation model is also proposed to assess the accessibility of the applications from two perspectives, which are the inherent properties of the applications and the user experience of different disability categories. 46 official mobile applications were tested which related to 23 universities and institutes of Portugal, using automatic and manual testing methods. Several frequently occurring accessibility issues in the apps were identified and summarized, such as color contrast, touch target, missing focus. The results of the accessibility testing showed that the status of web accessibility of mobile applications in the higher education sector in Portugal is unsatisfactory. Most apps have multiple accessibility issues, and they are extremely unfriendly to the users with visual impairments. In addition, the study also proposed a series of accessibility recommendations for mobile application designers and developers, with the purpose of improving the accessibility of apps and providing an equitable user experience for all users. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
As the demand for rural tourism destinations increases, the relevancy of the tourism sector to the overall destination sustainability becomes even more significant, and the existing tourism operators transition their marketing initiatives to a digital nature, it is critical to understand how the global quality of the implemented e-marketing initiatives are impacting rural destinations image and brand equity, how they trigger tourists' intention to visit, and as a consequence foster overall destination sustainability. Hence, a novel conceptual model, drawn on Delone & McLean Information Systems Success model, Tan & Wu model on the relations between destination image and future visit behavior, and on the overall brand equity context presented by Verma, is proposed and the multiple implications on the presented artefact are discussed.

Abstract
In recent years there has been a marked increase in bank fraud by SMS (Short Messaging System) and voice. One of the factors contributing to increase in cases of SMS fraud is the low cost of acquiring large volumes of messages, the reliability (the message will reach the recipient) and the fact that it does not need the Internet to reach the victim. In relation to financial fraud by voice, these can be used to persuade victims to make bank transfers to fraudulent accounts, with the promise of receiving large sums in prizes. The prevention of these types of fraud is not a trivial task, as it requires the application of appropriate techniques and methods depending on their nature. This article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) from 2015 to 2020, with the aim of analyzing the state of the art on bank frauds committed by SMS or voice. The SLR allowed the identification of the most common types of bank fraud by SMS or voice, and the respective detection techniques.

Abstract
Information and communication technologies provide their users with permanent global connectivity through a wide range of devices and with the Internet as their main support. Currently assuming a very significant economic relevance for a considerable group of countries, the Tourism sector is in the mindset of a digital transformation, in the scope of which a good part of its services is evolving towards ICT and Internet supported versions. In this context, the assurance of universal access to websites (Web accessibility) that support the businesses of organizations in this sector gains special relevance. This article presents an analysis at the level of Web accessibility of 240 websites directly related to the tourism sector, using TAW - Test de Acessibilidad Web evaluation tool. Despite the growing concern to provide more and more inclusive means, the overwhelming majority of websites did not reach the minimum level of accessibility, thus not assuring properly functional access for those who have a disability or limitation.

Abstract
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) territories are highly relevant to achieving sustainable lifestyles with human subsistence in balance with the ecosystem. The Barroso agro-sylvo-pastoral system is a clear example of this alignment between existing society, nature and natural resources, the environment, landscapes, and contextual heritage. Moreover, the sustainable use of existing natural resources, excellent environmental conditions, and breath-taking untouched landscapes represent a truly relevant factor towards the development of a region economy that is still greatly influenced by an engraved cultural, patrimonial, and agricultural heritage. Given the GIAHS classification attributed to that territory, the need arises to guarantee the existing environmental conditions. This context will allow the maintenance of the GIAHS classification, ensuring the quality of life in the region and stimulating its socio-economic development and overall sustainability. The present article describes a proposal for a digital ecosystem model aimed at the Barroso GIAHS, composed of four main functional hubs that actively interact with each other: smart environment, smart government, smart economy, and smart people. Based on wireless sensor networks, IoT, artificial intelligence, data analytics, and other technological solutions, this solution will allow real-time control of the territory's environmental conditions and develop more efficient and well-supported management and governance.

Abstract
The need to implement a new development dynamic in rural regions has been one of the concerns of the rural tourism sector, which is currently starting its digital transformation process and the adoption of digital technologies and tools. In the light of literature, one of the tools with the greatest promotion potential is digital marketing, since it allows reaching new and larger target audiences more efficiently and effectively. Realizing the lack of a conceptual and functional vision capable of guiding the planning and execution of digital marketing initiatives in the context of rural tourism, this article proposes a conceptual model focused on characterizing the potential impact that digital marketing initiatives can generate, namely in terms of the development of a positive image of the rural tourism destination and of the influence on the tourists' decision to visit.