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Publicações

Publicações por Rui Lopes Campos

2017

UAV Cooperative Perception based on DDS communications network

Autores
Ribeiro, JP; Fontes, H; Lopes, M; Silva, H; Campos, R; Almeida, JM; Silva, E;

Publicação
OCEANS 2017 - ANCHORAGE

Abstract
This paper focus on the use of unmanned aerial vehicle teams for performing cooperative perception using Data Distribution Service (DDS) Network. We develop a DDS framework to manage the incoming and out bounding network traffic of multiple types of data that is exchanged inside the UAV network. Experimental results both in laboratory and in actual flight are presented to help characterize the proposed system solution.

2018

Green Wireless Video Sensor Networks Using Low Power Out-of-Band Signalling

Autores
Sousa, F; Dias, J; Ribeiro, F; Campos, R; Ricardo, M;

Publicação
IEEE ACCESS

Abstract
The availability of low cost networked wireless devices and video cameras is enabling wireless video sensor networks (WVSNs), which can be used in scenarios such as healthcare, agriculture, smart cities, intelligent transportation systems, and surveillance. These scenarios typically require that each node sends a video stream to a server located in the cloud. The IEEE 802.11 is considered a suitable technology for transmitting video wirelessly, as it supports high data rates. However, when using a multi-hop topology to extend the IEEE 802.11 coverage, the IEEE 802.11-based WVSNs suffer from three problems: low network capacity, throughput unfairness, and energy inefficiency. To overcome these problems, we propose a holistic solution, named Green wiReless vidEo sENsor NEtworks uSing out-of-band Signalling (GREENNESS). GREENNESS combines a node polling mechanism with the use of out-of-band signaling over a low power radio to signal when a video sensor should switch ON and OFF its IEEE 802.11 interface, thus saving energy. The results obtained for random network topologies show that GREENNESS can achieve energy savings up to 92%, and improve network capacity and throughput fairness when compared to state of the art CSMA/CA-based WVSN solutions.

2018

RedeFINE: Centralized Routing for High-capacity Multi-hop Flying Networks

Autores
Coelho, A; Almeida, EN; Silva, P; Ruela, J; Campos, R; Ricardo, M;

Publicação
2018 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMPUTING, NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS (WIMOB 2018)

Abstract
The advent of small and low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is paving the way to use swarms of UAVs to perform missions such as aerial video monitoring and infrastructure inspection. Within a swarm, UAVs communicate by means of a Flying Multi-hop Network (FMN), which due to its dynamics induces frequent changes of network topology and quality of the links. Recently, UAVs have also been used to provide Internet access and enhance the capacity of existing networks in Temporary Events. This brings up additional routing challenges not yet addressed, in order to provide always-on and high capacity paths able to meet the Quality of Service expected by the users. This paper presents RedeFINE, a centralized routing solution for FMNs that selects high-capacity paths between UAVs and avoids communications disruptions, by defining in advance the forwarding tables and the instants they shall be updated in the UAVs; this represents a major step forward with respect to traditional routing protocols. The performance evaluation of RedeFINE shows promising results, especially regarding Throughput and Packet Delivery Ratio, when compared with state of the art routing solutions.

2019

Improving ns-3 emulation performance for fast prototyping of routing and SDN protocols: Moving data plane operations to outside of ns-3

Autores
Fontes, H; Cardoso, T; Campos, R; Ricardo, M;

Publicação
SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY

Abstract
A common problem in networking research and development is the duplicate effort of writing simulation and implementation code of routing protocols. This can be avoided by reusing simulation code in real prototyping and in production environments. In ns-3, emulation mode can be used to run simulation models of routing and Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocols on top of real L2 interfaces such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi. Although this feature is already available, the additional packet processing involved degrades the performance of the nodes and limits the amount of network traffic that can be processed. Our proposal to overcome this performance bottleneck consists in moving the data plane processing operations to outside of the ns-3 process, running such operations natively in the host Operating System (OS). Two approaches are proposed: (a) running the data plane in user space (DPU); (b) running the data plane in kernel space (DPK). Both approaches support the emulation of one or multiple nodes per emulation host machine. The experimental results show that the DPU and DPK approaches significantly improve the throughput by respectively 4.9 and 19 times when compared against traditional ns-3 emulation of a single node. For multiple nodes, the DPK approach further improves the throughput by as much as 23 times. The amount of code reuse is high - e.g., for the routing protocols used in this paper, only 1.4% and 11% of extra code is required to benefit from the performance improvements achieved respectively by the DPK and DPU approaches.

2019

A Comprehensive Study on Enterprise Wi-Fi Access Points Power Consumption

Autores
Silva, P; Almeida, NT; Campos, R;

Publicação
IEEE ACCESS

Abstract
Wi-Fi networks are becoming more and more ubiquitous and represent a substantial source of energy consumption around the globe, mainly when it comes to Access Points (APs). There has been some work done on the characterization of the power consumption of Wi-Fi APs and network interface cards (NICs), and the power usage of these devices under different configurations and standards but mostly using legacy standards. A detailed AP power consumption analysis, exploring the whole set of degrees of freedom and capabilities of these devices is lacking in the state of the art. In this paper, we present a thorough power consumption analysis, covering the configuration options available in enterprise Wi-Fi APs from the three major vendors on the market. The goal is to understand how the power consumption of an AP varies with the different configurations, and provide insights on the parameters that significantly affect the AP power consumption. The obtained experimental results confirm previous state-of-the-art conclusions but contradict some of the studies and results found in the literature, while updating results and conclusions taken in the past to the most recent standards, configurations, and data rates available today. The analysis provided herein is a valuable source of information for deriving new AP power consumption models and designing energy-efficient Wi-Fi networks.

2019

Energy Consumption Management for Dense Wi-Fi Networks

Autores
Silva, P; Almeida, NT; Campos, R;

Publicação
2019 WIRELESS DAYS (WD)

Abstract
Wi-Fi networks lack energy consumption management mechanisms. In particular, during nighttime periods, the energy waste may be significant, since all Access Points (APs) are kept switched on even though there is minimum or null traffic demand. The fact that more than 80% of all wireless traffic is originated or terminated indoor, and served by WiFi, has led the scientific community to look into energy saving mechanisms forWi-Fi networks. State of the art solutions address the problem by switching APs on and off based on manually inserted schedules or by analyzing real-time traffic demand. The first are vendor specific; the second may induce frequent station (STA) handoffs, which has an impact on network performance. The lack of implementability of solutions is also a shortcoming in most works. We propose an algorithm, named Energy Consumption Management Algorithm (ECMA), that learns the daytime and nighttime periods of the Wi-Fi network. ECMA was designed having in mind its implementability over legacyWi-Fi equipment. At daytime, the radio interfaces of the AP (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) are switched on and off automatically, according to the traffic demand. At nighttime, clusters of APs, covering the same area, are formed, leaving one AP always switched on for basic coverage and the redundant APs swichted off to maximize energy savings, while avoiding coverage and performance hampering. Simulation results show energy savings of up to 50% are possible using the ECMA algorithm.

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