Abstract
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) rapidly expand within industrial contexts in a new era of digitalization, processing power, and inter-device communication capabilities. These advancements integrate technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and cloud and edge computing, granting processes and operations a high degree of autonomy. In addition, these interconnections foster collective intelligence arising from information exchange and collaboration between components, often outperforming individual capabilities. This collective intelligence manifests in fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) tasks within CPS, as it significantly improves the flexibility, performance, and scalability. However, the inherent complexity of CPS poses challenges in determining the best configuration of the collaboration parameters, such as when and how to collaborate, wherein incorrect adjustments may lead to decision errors and compromise the system's performance. With this in mind, this paper proposes seven metrics to evaluate collaboration performance for fault detection and diagnosis in multi-agent systems (MAS)-based CPS, evaluating when the collaboration is beneficial or when the collaboration parameters need to be adjusted. The experiments focus on collaborative fault detection in temperature and humidity sensors within warehouse racks, where the proposed evaluation metrics point out the impact of collaboration on the detection task, as well as possible actions to be adopted to improve the agent's performance. © 2024 IEEE.

Abstract
The energy storage batteries, employed in solar systems installed on lampposts, are usually placed in devices such as switchboards fixed at an elevation near the top of the column. However, this storage solution becomes inefficient, because it is not possible to guarantee the control of the working temperature of the batteries, due to the low thermal insulation capacity of these storage devices. In this sense, an underground compartment made of concrete, steel plate and rock wool were created, embedded in the foundation of the lamppost, with the purpose of using geothermal energy to maintain an adequate temperature inside the compartment. To verify the temperature inside the battery storage compartment, a thermal analysis was performed, where heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation was considered. Analyses were performed in steady state, and later, transient state, considering the initial temperatures of the thermal study in the previous steady state. With a storage volume of 1m3 and the base of the compartment at a depth of 2m, it was verified that it is possible to use geothermal energy to cool or heat, depending on the season, a system through geothermal energy. Considering a typical day in July, with room temperature of 35oC, a reduction of approximately 8oC was obtained inside the storage compartment, compared to the ambient temperature.

Abstract
When people move around a town, at some point in their journey they need to cross the road using a dedicated crosswalk. However, crossing is not always done safely due to weather conditions, lack of visibility or distraction. The VALLPASS project, aims to install two lampposts in opposite positions to the direction of crossing, with various functionalities and technological innovations, creating a luminous tunnel for the safe passage of pedestrians. To verify the mechanical resistance of the lighting poles, numerical simulations were performed using the finite element method, where the boundary conditions considered the criteria defined by the European standard EN-40 "Lighting Columns". This standard specifies the loads acting on the column, namely the horizontal forces due to the action of wind according to standard NP EN 1991-1-4:2010 and the vertical forces due to the self-weight of the entire structure. Considering a lighting pole with a square lower section and a cylindrical upper section, with a total height of 7 meters and with a support structure for photovoltaic panels, according to the static analysis performed, a maximum combination of axial and bending stresses of 138.74MPa, was obtained in the connection zone between the square section and the pole shaft. The maximum displacement of 6.9cm, was obtained at the free ends of the photovoltaic panel support structure and a minimum factor of safety of 1.64 in the zone where the combination of axial and bending stresses is more severe.

Abstract

Abstract
This document presents the Tacks summary of Trends on Gamification, Generative AI, Multidisciplinary Technological Resources, Engineering Education, New Trends in Mechatronics, Diversity Gap in STEM, Laboratories in STEM Education at TEEM 2023, which was held in Bragança (Portugal) from October 25–27. These sessions were held as tracks of the International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM’23). © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a polishing prototype with a rotating sponge to be applied in the automation of a finishing process for the ceramic industry, focusing on increasing mechanical robustness. The prototype includes an AC motor, encoder, microcontroller, motor drive, and a collaborative robot to assist in the tests. Validation experiments related to the speed and force control were performed followed by the trajectory control tests using pieces printed using 3D printing technology to simulate the ceramic pieces. The results were satisfactory and showed a good performance of the polishing prototype, being this a good teaching aid tool to assist in the teaching and practical classes of mechatronics. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.