Abstract
Demand for leisure activities has increased due to some reasons such as increasing wealth, ageing populations and changing lifestyles, however, the efficiency of public transport system relies on solid demand levels and well-established mobility patterns and, so, providing quality public transportation is extremely expensive in low, variable and unpredictable demand scenarios, as it is the case of non-routine trips. Better prediction estimations about the trip purpose helps to anticipate the transport demand and consequently improve its planning. This paper addresses the contribution in comparing the traditional approach of considering municipality division to study such trips against a proposed approach based on clustering of dense concentration of services in the urban space. In our case, POIs (Points of Interest) collected from social networks (e.g. Foursquare) represent these services. These trips were associated with the territory using two different approaches: 'municipalities' and 'clusters' and then related with the likelihood of choosing a POI category (Points-of-Interest). The results obtained for both geographical approaches are then compared considering a multinomial model to check for differences in destination choice. The variables of distance travelled, travel time and whether the trip was made on a weekday or a weekend had a significant contribution in the choice of destination using municipalities approach. Using clusters approach, the results are similar but the accuracy is improved and due to more significant results to more categories of destinations, more conclusions can be drawn. These results lead us to believe that a cluster-based analysis using georeferenced data from social media can contribute significantly better than a territorial-based analysis to the study of non-routine mobility. We also contribute to the knowledge of patterns of this type of travel, a type of trips that is still poorly valued and difficult to study. Nevertheless, it would be worth a more extensive analysis, such as analysing more variables or even during a larger period.

Abstract
This manuscript presents a novel framework, the Multidimensional Design Assessment Model, which encompasses a multi-criteria approach to efficiency, eco-efficiency and costs assessment for a given design system in aeronautical industry production. The framework is established by adopting Design-for-X and Multi-Layer Stream Mapping approaches, based on Lean Thinking, for efficiency assessment and adopting modules of ecoPROSYS to eco-efficiency assessment. A real case study from aeronautical sector is given to demonstrate the approach, for the assembly of aircraft structure Horizontal Tale Plane, where different results are presented and discussed for each dimension of analysis and how improvement strategies can be designed. © 2019 IEEE.

Abstract
An overview of the work under development within the EU-funded collaborative project MAESTRI is presented in this chapter. The project provides a framework of new Industrial methodology, integrating several tools and methods, to help industries facing the fourth industrial revolution. This concept, called the MAESTRI Total Efficiency Framework (MTEF), aims to advance the sustainability of manufacturing and process industries by providing a management system in the form of a flexible and scalable platform and methodology. The MTEF is based on four pillars: a) an effective management system targeted at continuous process improvement; b) Efficiency assessment tools to support improvements, optimization strategies and decision-making support; c) Industrial Symbiosis paradigm to gain value from waste and energy exchange; d) an Internet-of-Things infrastructure to support easy integration and data exchange among shop-floor, business systems and MAESTRI tools.

Abstract
Design-for-X (DfX) approaches continues to prove their importance to support design management in increased complexity products and towards sustainable development. Permanent increasing of market competitiveness lead the companies to narrow budgets and increase the application of Lean practices among their departments. Lean Design for eXcellence (LeanDfX) methodology was developed to cross Lean Thinking and Design-for-X project support, assessing multiple domains such as optimization, manufacturing, assembly, maintenance, eco-design, modularity or adaptability. This approach brings a systematic applicability for design engineers and technical managers, assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of a given product design. A LeanDIX index metric, ranging between 0-100%, and original scorecard were created for consistent decision support for comparison of different design concepts or design versions of products, integrating different 'X' domains. In this work, the LeanDIX methodology results are presented for a real industrial case study related to a robot gripper design of a palletizing production cell. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
Design complexity and its relation to Design for Manufacturing continues to be a challenging topic, namely when the objective is to address these aspects in a straightforward manner to young or less experienced design teams. The availability of practical methodologies that induce rules to support novel design creation, in the environment of manufacturing processes, continues to be scarce. This work presents a novel approach named - 0-3D Design Method - that aims to define, in a systematic and geometrical manner, practical rules that allows mechanical designers to relate, in a codified manner, the design geometry of a given mechanical component to the typical manufacturing processes that permit its physical embodiment. The method proposes the definition of types and sub-types of parts, based on the number of spatial dimensions that need to be modified for a given design construction, and its relation to the manufacturing phase of the product life-cycle. A practical mechanical design example is presented to demonstrate the methodology, mapping the parts necessary for the design of a cutting head of a machine-tool. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
This manuscript presents a novel framework, the Multidimensional Design Assessment Model, which encompasses a multi-criteria approach to efficiency, eco-efficiency and costs assessment for a given design system in aeronautical industry production. The framework is established by adopting Design-for-X and Multi-Layer Stream Mapping approaches, based on Lean Thinking, for efficiency assessment and adopting modules of ecoPROSYS to eco-efficiency assessment. A real case study from aeronautical sector is given to demonstrate the approach, for the assembly of aircraft structure Horizontal Tale Plane, where different results are presented and discussed for each dimension of analysis and how improvement strategies can be designed.