Abstract
Innovation is recognised as an important source of competitive advantage by both academics and managers. Nowadays, supply chain partners play a crucial part in driving many aspects of innovation, from the definition of the product concept to the launch to the market. This chapter analyzes how the relationship between supply chain management and the innovation process is addressed in the literature and discuss ways to improve the performance by means of this relationship. A bibliometric analysis—including citation and co-citation analysis—is carried out to study the intellectual structure of the topic. In the end, four literature clusters were identified, and their characteristics are discussed. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.

Abstract
Drawing on the concept of strategic fit, this conceptual paper seeks to clarify the relationship between innovation strategies and supply chain management strategies. This work seeks to propose a conceptual framework to help advance research in this area. A literature review was conducted as a basis for developing a unified framework which best reflects the relationship and fit between the different strategies in each area, something which has been clearly under researched from the strategic fit perspective. The findings can be used to guide the decision making of managers in the areas of innovation and supply chain. Additionally, they can serve as a reference for helping coordinate with other areas of the business, in order to ensure the correct fit between activities and strategies.

Abstract

Abstract
The aim of this research is the implementation of a GPS-based modelling approach for improving the characterization of vehicle speed spatial variation within urban areas, and a comparison of the resulting emissions with a widely used approach to emission inventory compiling. The ultimate goal of this study is to evaluate and understand the importance of activity data for improving the road transport emission inventory in urban areas. For this purpose, three numerical tools, namely, (i) the microsimulation traffic model (VISSIM); (ii) the mesoscopic emissions model (TREM); and (iii) the air quality model (URBAIR), were linked and applied to a mediumsized European city (Aveiro, Portugal). As an alternative, traffic emissions based on a widely used approach are calculated by assuming a vehicle speed value according to driving mode. The detailed GPS-based modelling approach results in lower total road traffic emissions for the urban area (7.9, 5.4, 4.6 and 3.2% of the total PM10, NOx, CO and VOC daily emissions, respectively). Moreover, an important variation of emissions was observed for all pollutants when analysing the magnitude of the 5th and 95th percentile emission values for the entire urban area, ranging from -15 to 49% for CO, -14 to 31% for VOC, -19 to 46% for NOx and -22 to 52% for PM10. The proposed GPS-based approach reveals the benefits of addressing the spatial and temporal variability of the vehicle speed within urban areas in comparison with vehicle speed data aggregated by a driving mode, demonstrating its usefulness in quantifying and reducing the uncertainty of road transport inventories.

Abstract
The introduction of eco-routing systems has been suggested as a promising strategy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and criteria pollutants. The objective of this study is to scrutinize the impacts of an eco-routing guidance system on emissions through the use of a case study in a commuting corridor. This research aims at assessing the potential environmental benefits in terms of different pollutant emissions. Simultaneously, it addresses the extent of variations in system travel time (STT) that each eco-routing strategy implies. The methodology consists of three distinct phases. The first phase corresponds to the adjustment of a microsimulation platform of traffic and emissions with empirical data previously collected. Second, to volume-emission-functions (VEF), developed based on the integrated modeling structure. Final, to different scenarios of traffic flow optimization performed at the network level based on a simplified assignment procedure. The results show that if the traffic assignment is performed with the objective to minimize overall impacts, then the total system environmental damage costs can be reduced up to 9% with marginal oscillations in total STT. However, if drivers are advised based on their own emissions minimization, total system emissions may be higher than under the standard user equilibrium flow pattern. Specifically, environmentally friendly navigation algorithms focused on individual goals may tend to divert traffic to roads with less capacity affecting the performance of the remaining traffic. This case study brings new insights about the difficulties and potentials of implementing such systems.

Abstract
Lisbon is one of the European cities where NO2 and PK10 legal limit values are still exceeded, leading to an Air Quality Plan applicable up to 2020. The developed work combined a detailed emission inventory, monitoring data, and modelling in order to assess if the proposed emission abatement scenarios, focused on the road transport sector, were able to tackle exceedances. A maximum decrease of 14% for PM10 concentrations was achieved, and of 21% for NO2, providing compliance. PM10 smallest reduction is related with higher weight of regional background sources, while for NO2 local traffic has more influence on concentrations.