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Abstract
In recent years, the EU has been pushing forward ground-breaking legislation that covers new digital environments and services, with a strong focus on Ethics and AI. This includes legislation such as the Artificial Intelligence Act, the Digital Services Act or the General Data Protection Regulation. This legislation is, however, often written in very general and high-level terms, leaving a lot of space for interpretation, and a gap concerning how it could or should be implemented, realistically. In this paper we look specifically at the principle of Transparency in the Digital Services Act. Specifically, we discuss the requirements concerning Transparency in the regulation, we identify the gaps, and propose concrete measures that can be considered to facilitate and guide its implementation.

Abstract
In recent years, the Twin-Transition reference model has gained notoriety as one of the key options for decarbonizing the economy while adopting more sustainable models leveraged by the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In this regard, one of the most relevant challenges is the integration of data-driven approaches with sustainability assessment approaches, since overcoming this challenge will foster more agile sustainable development. Without disregarding the effort of academics and practitioners in the development of sustainability assessment approaches, the authors consider the need for holistic frameworks that also encourage continuous improvement in sustainable development. The main objective of this research is to propose a holistic framework that supports companies to assess sustainability performance effectively and more easily, supported by digital capabilities and data-driven concepts, while integrating improvement procedures and methodologies. To achieve this objective, the research is based on the analysis of published approaches, with special emphasis on the data-driven concepts supporting sustainability assessment and Lean Thinking methods. From these results, we identified and extracted the metrics, scopes, boundaries, and kinds of output for decision-making. A new holistic framework is described, and we have included a guide with the steps necessary for its adoption in a given company, thus helping to enhance sustainability while using data availability and data-analytics tools.

Abstract
Humanity faces serious problems related to water supply, which will be aggravated by population growth. The water used in human activities must be treated to make it available again without posing risks to human health and the environment. In this context, Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) have gained importance. The treatment process in WWTPs is complex, consisting of several stages, which consume considerable amounts of resources, mainly electrical energy. Minimizing such energy consumption while satisfying quality and environmental requirements is essential, but it is a challenging task due to the complexity of the processes carried out in WWTPs. One form of evaluating the performance of WWTPs is through the well-known Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The KPIs are numerical indicators of process performance, being a simple and common way to assess the efficiency and eco-efficiency of a process. By applying KPIs to WWTPs, techniques for monitoring, predicting, controlling, and optimizing the efficiency and eco-efficiency of WWTPs can be created or improved. However, the use of computational methodologies that use KPIs (KPIs-based methodologies) is still limited. This paper provides a literature review of the current state-of-the-art of KPI-based methodologies to monitor, control and optimize energy efficiency and eco-efficiency in WWTPs. In this paper, studies presented on 21 papers are identified, assessed and synthesized, 12 being related to monitoring and predicting problems, and 9 related to control and optimization problems. Future research directions relating to unresolved problems are also identified and discussed.

Abstract
Solid-phasetemplate-assisted mechanosynthesis of Fe-N-C,featuring low-cost and sustainable FeCl3, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine(TPTZ), and NaCl is reported. Efficient and sustainable synthesis of performant metal/nitrogen-dopedcarbon (M-N-C) catalysts for oxygen reduction and evolutionreactions (ORR/OER) is vital for the global switch to green energytechnologies-fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Thisstudy reports a solid-phase template-assisted mechanosynthesis ofFe-N-C, featuring low-cost and sustainable FeCl3, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ), and NaCl. ANaCl-templated Fe-TPTZ metal-organic material was formed usingfacile liquid-assisted grinding/compression. With NaCl, the Fe-TPTZtemplate-induced stability allows for a rapid, thus, energy-efficientpyrolysis. Among the produced materials, 3D-FeNC-LAG exhibits remarkableperformance in ORR (E (1/2) = 0.85 V and E (onset) = 1.00 V), OER (E ( j=10) = 1.73 V), and in the zinc-airbattery test (power density of 139 mW cm(-2)). Themultilayer stream mapping (MSM) framework is presented as a tool forcreating a sustainability assessment protocol for the catalyst productionprocess. MSM employs time, cost, resource, and energy efficiency astechnoeconomic sustainability metrics to assess the potential upstreamimpact. MSM analysis shows that the 3D-FeNC-LAG synthesis exhibits90% overall process efficiency and 97.67% cost efficiency. The proposedsynthetic protocol requires 2 times less processing time and 3 timesless energy without compromising the catalyst efficiency, superiorto the most advanced methods.