Abstract
Purpose The existing literature suggests that multinational corporations (MNCs) divest subsidiary units whenever they cease to enjoy the advantages of ownership, location or internalization. However, not all MNCs divest under these conditions. This paper aims to explore the factors that contributed to the survival of a particular subsidiary and prevented it from being divested. Design/methodology/approach The analysis focuses on an individual subsidiary of a large foreign MNC in the electronics industry, which divested other subsidiaries from Portugal. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Findings The subsidiary's diverse customer base, specificity and high level of efficiency, the local advantages, the existing governmental agreements and the parent MNC's previous unsuccessful relocation experiences seem to have contributed to the survival of the subsidiary. Research limitations/implications - Although the results of the case study are not generalizable to the entire population of firms, the featured case study is a rare survival success story in the Portuguese electronics industry. Practical implications - The proposed framework may offer public authorities measures to create conditions to encourage firms to retain their investment in a particular site. For corporate strategists, new perspectives on subsidiary survival are provided. Originality/value This paper is one of the few qualitative studies in the field of subsidiary survival. The results offer an integrative framework on which factors contribute to the survival of a subsidiary located on a comparatively unfavorable labor cost location and support the role of the organizational learning and of previous failed relocation experiences and relocation barriers when a parent MNC decides whether to retain a unit.

Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the existing research on industrial divestment in order to identify the reasons for it, the process whereby it is achieved, and the outcomes of industrial sell-offs and closures. The study reports the main findings that have gained acceptance in the literature, gaps in the research and potential directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach A three stage systematic literature review protocol was used to conduct this review. The results are organized according to an "Antecedents - Process - Outcomes" framework. Findings The traditional accounts of industrial divestment have been framed in terms of firms' weak performance and over-diversification as antecedents to divestment, leading to corporate governance issues. However, the list of antecedents of industrial divestment is more extensive. There is no consensus over the impact of some factors on divestments, as is the case of firm and unit size. The results are not conclusive as to whether firm performance improves after divesting. Originality/value This paper synthesizes knowledge of the main reasons as to why firms completely dispose of their assets, contributing to this under-researched field.

Abstract
When compared to other fields of research such as mergers and acquisitions, corporate divestment is under researched. There are at least three main reasons for this: the environment in which corporate divestment research has taken place has caused divestments to be understood as acquisition-driven rather than strategy-driven, the scope and distinct modes of divestment, and the difficulties in isolating the divestment phenomena. The objective of this chapter is to review the main theoretical approaches used in the study of divestment, to analyze their contribution to the field, and to discuss whether new approaches are needed in divestment research. Most studies of divestment are based on the concept that divestment is the outcome of poor unit performance, and the reversal of previous over-diversification and growth strategies that expanded the company size beyond optimal control. This chapter proposes four future lines of research into corporate divestment: the international business strategy, the network perspective, the stakeholders' perspective, and the institutional theory.

Abstract
Although companies seek to export in order to meet the growing importance of international markets, vis-à-vis domestic markets, this chapter presents a case study of a company founded by two former high school teachers who started a beverage company in 2015 and quickly reached an early internationalization. The company produces alcoholic beverages and has won international awards regarding the quality of its product, which has given it an important status and opened the door to a process of rapid internationalization. This will be used to explore the theory of entrepreneurship and how two potential entrepreneurs, with employment difficulties in teaching, began with a project that gave birth to a born global firm.

Abstract
Innovation capabilities are important for firms to compete in the market. However, the literature has rarely examined how exploitative and exploratory innovation influences the export performance of small and medium-sized firms (SMEs). As exploitative and exploratory innovation plays different roles in sustaining SMEs' competitive advantages, this article presents an analysis of how four specific firms' innovation capabilities (i.e. marketing, strategy, research and development and manufacturing capabilities) impact these SMEs' export performance. Moreover, this study analysed how exploitative and exploratory innovation capabilities mediate the relationship of the four firms' internal innovation capabilities and export performance. The results indicate that exploitative innovation positively influences SMEs' export performance, but exploratory innovation does not. Another interesting finding is that strategy and manufacturing capabilities are important antecedents of both exploratory and exploitative innovation. Furthermore, the results reveal that only manufacturing capabilities have a direct impact on export performance, whereas strategy and manufacturing capabilities are the antecedents that most influence exploitative innovation and export performance.

Abstract
The present study seeks to analyze the behavior of a technological start-up regarding its entry modes in foreign markets. It is based on the case study of a company in the field of 3D printing and takes into account the analysis of topics such as the internationalization of start-ups and modes of entry in foreign markets, considering several theories of internationalization. As the company analyzed is a start-up, the research is supported by the analysis of the characteristics present in the process of internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study closes with the conclusion that this SME matches the profile of an International New Venture/Born Global (INV/BG), although the company takes advantage of the network-based theory and relationship orientation to enter international markets. The most used mode of entry by the company in international markets has been exporting activities.